Environmental Politics and Liberation in Contemporary Africa

1. Front Matter

   Pages N3-xiii

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2. Introduction

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 1-18

3. Land Alienation and Environmental Insecurity

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 19-36

4. Displacement by Authoritarian Development

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 37-54

5. Nuba and Ogoni: Genocide in a Shrinking Environmental Space

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 55-80

6. Hadendowa and Fulani: ‘Resourcing’ Identity Politics

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 81-100

7. Oromo and Dinka: Conflating Environmental and Liberation Struggles

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 101-118

8. REST: Post-war Reconstruction and Environmental Rehabilitation

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 119-134

9. NGOs, Environment and Liberation: The Global-Local Nexus

   • M. A. Mohamed Salih

   Pages 135-158

10. Conclusion

    • M. A. Mohamed Salih

    Pages 159-166

11. Back Matter

    Pages 167-187

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Nowadays, the environment looms large in the analysis of conflict in developing societies, and the precise role it plays is the subject of an ongoing debate. The de­ bate has moved on from the earlier, but still popular, notions of 'power struggles', 'class struggles' and 'ethnic conflicts', to a perception of conflict as the product of intense group competition for resources. Where the state controls the distribu­ tion of resources, itself inevitably becomes party to conflicts whose bone of con­ tention is access to state power as the most efficient means of gaining access to resources. The resources in question are social (health, education, transportation, communication, recreation, etc. ) and material (land, water, housing, jobs, con­ tracts, licenses, permits, etc. ). In parts of the world, and especially in Africa, di­ minishing resources and authoritarian state rule exacerbate group competition leading to political confrontation. This is the line I have followed in analysing conflict in the Hom of Africa (Markakis, 1987, 1998). Mohamed Salih's first contribution in this volume is to move the debate a step beyond this line, which can be criticized as unduly materialist. He does it by bringing culture into the realm of resources, not only as a resource in itself, but also as the agency that assigns natural resources their value. Culture thus becomes a contextual element in conflict over resources whose value is culturally deter­ mined.

• Environmental Politics
• Government
• Institution
• NGO
• Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
• development
• environment
• politics

`The book is well worth reading as it offers a surprising insight in two fields of political struggles that were long treated as separate issues. For geographers it shows promising vistas of the combination of political geography and environmental geography, embedded in the social sciences in general.'
Tijdschrift voor Econimsche en Sociale Geographie, 91:3 (2000)

• Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands

  M. A. Mohamed Salih

• Centre of African Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

  M. A. Mohamed Salih

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