New Trends and Developments in Vaccines

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Vaccines: general background and introduction

   • H. Friedman, A. Voller

   Pages 1-5

3. New developments in vaccines

   • W. Hennessen

   Pages 7-17

4. Paediatric vaccines

   • S. A. Plotkin

   Pages 19-27

5. The whooping cough vaccine controversy

   • G. Dick

   Pages 29-54

6. Measles vaccines

   • Erling Norrby

   Pages 55-61

7. Vaccines against influenza

   • C. Hannoun

   Pages 63-69

8. The New York Swine Influenza Immunization Program

   • P. J. Imperato

   Pages 71-86

9. Rabies vaccines

   • J. Crick

   Pages 87-101

10. Rubella vaccines

    • C. Huygelen

    Pages 103-115

11. Vaccination against poliomyelitis

    • J. Salk, D. Salk

    Pages 117-153

12. Hepatitis viruses and vaccines

    • M. R. Hilleman, V. M. Villarejos, E. B. Buynak, O. L. Ittensohn, W. J. McAleer, A. A. McLean et al.

    Pages 155-169

13. Developments with hepatitis B vaccines

    • A. J. Zuckerman

    Pages 171-177

14. Herpesvirus vaccine development: studies of virus morphological components

    • S. K. Vernon, W. C. Lawrence, Carole A. Long, G. H. Cohen, B. A. Rubin

    Pages 179-210

15. ‘Ribosomal’ vaccines: A review

    • T. K. Eisenstein

    Pages 211-222

16. Cholera vaccines

    • H. Friedman

    Pages 223-235

17. A vaccine for the prevention of pneumococcal infections

    • G. Schiffman

    Pages 237-243

18. Meningococcal vaccines

    • W. A. Hankins

    Pages 245-253

19. Development of meningococcal vaccines

    • R. Triau

    Pages 255-273

20. Immunization with Streptococcus mutans against dental caries in rhesus monkeys

    • T. Lehner, S. J. Challacombe, Jill Caldwell

    Pages 275-298

It was not too long ago that many physicians and biomedical scientists felt that the era of 'vaccines' for protecting mankind against infectious disease was coming to an end. During the 1 940s and 50s the widespread use of newly developed antibiotics and antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents suggested a new era in medicine, i. e. the control and eventual elimination of all infectious diseases, at least those caused by bacteria, by' chemical means. The magic 'bullet' proposed by Paul Ehrlich in the early 1900s seemed to be the method of choice for controling infection. However, it is now quite evident that those high expectations were unwarranted. Although many acute infections, especially those caused by pyogenic cocci, have been controlled by antibiotics, it is quite evident that infectious diseases, even those caused by bacteria, still are a major problem. Thus, the old 'standby' of preventative vaccination is making a strong comeback, not only for viral but also for bacterial infections. However, except for a relatively small number of viral diseases and those bacterial diseases due to toxin elaborated by microorganisms rather than invasion and replication of the microbe per se, preventative vaccination still has not fulfilled the expectations of their proponents. There has been a recent resurgence of interest concerning all aspects of vaccines, not only their preparation and administration, but also the nature and mechanism of the host immune response to the constituent micro­ organisms and their products.

• research
• vaccine
• vaccines
• infectious diseases

• Nuffield Laboratories of Comparative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK

  A. Voller

• Department of Microbiology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, New York, USA

  H. Friedman

Policies and ethics