Multiple Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins

   1. New Insights into the Role of HDL in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease

      • H. Bryan Brewer Jr.

      Pages 1-7

   2. Mechanisms of the Hypolipidemic Action of Fibrates

      • Johan Auwerx, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Charles Fruchart, Bart Staels

      Pages 9-17

   3. Lipid Lowering Drugs and the Arterial Wall

      • R. Paoletti, F. Bernini, A. Corsini, M. Soma

      Pages 19-24

   4. Perspectives on Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Past and Present

      • Antonio M. Gotto Jr.

      Pages 25-33

3. Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, and Platelet Inhibition

   1. Role of the Fibrinolytic and the Coagulation System in the Formation and Disorders of Blood Vessels

      • Peter Carmeliet, Désiré Collen

      Pages 35-44

   2. Evolving Understanding of Coronary Thrombosis and New Insights into Therapeutic Strategies

      • Valentin Fuster

      Pages 45-59

   3. Platelet Activation and Carotid Arterial Atherothrombosis

      • Kenneth Kun-yu Wu

      Pages 61-65

4. Emerging Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

   1. Tissue Factor and the Regulation of Arterial Thrombosis

      • Mark B. Taubman

      Pages 67-74

   2. Fibrinogen: Risk Factor or Risk Marker?

      • Edzard Ernst, Wolfgang Koenig

      Pages 75-84

   3. PAI-1 and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

      • Irène Juhan-Vague, Marie Christine Alessi

      Pages 85-92

   4. Plasma Homocyst(e)ine [H(e)] and Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Gene-Nutrient Interactions

      • M. Rene Malinow

      Pages 93-104

5. Risk Factors and Intervention: National Initiatives

   1. The Role of Social and Psychoemotional Factors in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease: The Experience in Eastern European Countries

      • Eugene I. Chazov

      Pages 105-107

   2. European Action on Secondary Prevention

      • D. A. Wood

      Pages 109-117

   3. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Normotensive and Hypertensive Egyptians: Preliminary Results, Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP)

      • M. Mohsen Ibrahim

      Pages 119-129

6. LDL Oxidation, Antioxidants, and Atherosclerosis

   1. Lipid Deposition and Oxidation in the Evolution of the Atherosclerotic Lesion: Lessons Learned from Hypercholesterolemic Animal Models

      • Michael E. Rosenfeld

      Pages 131-140

   2. Oxidative Modification of LDL and Atherogenesis

      • Daniel Steinberg

      Pages 141-147

   3. Dietary Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease

      • Aaron R. Folsom

      Pages 149-156

   4. Is “Antioxidant Status” a Risk Factor?

      • Daniel Steinberg

      Pages 157-164

7. Diabetes

   1. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors and Clinical Trials

      • George Steiner

      Pages 165-170

This volume is a collection of the most significant contributions to the 4th International Symposium on MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: STRATEGIES OF PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE, CARDIAC F AlLURE, AND STROKE held in Washington, D. C. in April 1997. The meeting focused on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their interactions. The need for this symposium is based on the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence that individuals from industrialized countries often possess two or more risk factors which synergistically increase the global risk profile. This has become more evident in recent years with the increase in life expectancy of populations in the industrialized countries. The evidence that a combination of risk factors confers a very high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, is of pivotal interest in the process of detection of patients who will benefit the most from pharmacological treatment. Many recent epidemiological data identifying the intrinsic and environmental factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis are discussed. These results, in parallel with basic and clinical research, underline atherosclerosis as a complex and multifactorial process involving the influences of lipids, including lipoprotein subfractions, blood pressure rheologic forces, carbohydrate tolerance, and thrombogenic factors, including fibrinogen, tissue factor, PAl-I, and homocysteine. Furthennore, the risk associated with anyone of these risk factors varies widely depending on the level of the associated atherogenic risk factors. Hyper­ cholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, for instance, are more common than would be expected by chance among hypertensive patients.

• Diabetes
• Lipoprotein
• atherosclerosis
• cardiovascular
• heart
• hypertension
• stroke
• vascular disease

• Cornell University Medical College, New York, USA

  Antonio M. Gotto

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA

  C. Lenfant

• Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  Rodolfo Paoletti, A. L. Catapano

• Giovanni Lorenzini Medical Foundation, Houston, USA

  A. S. Jackson

Policies and ethics