Environmental Health for All

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Developing NEHAPs: Practice and Experience

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-2

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   2. National Environmental Health Action Plans: Background and Process

      • D. Kello, M. Haralanova, R. M. Stern, D. J. Briggs

      Pages 3-15

   3. The NEHAP Experience in the Czech Republic, Romania and Poland

      • H. Cizkova, H. Kazmarová, A. Dumitrescu, R. Janikowski

      Pages 17-34

   4. Setting Priorities for Environmental Health Risks in Sweden

      • K. Victorin, C. Hogstedt, T. Kyrklund, M. Eriksson

      Pages 35-51

3. Risk Assessment: Exploring Relationships Between Environment and Health

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 53-54

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   2. Sources and Consequences of Uncertainty in Risk Estimates

      • L. Järup

      Pages 55-61

   3. Outbreak of Baldness in Children in Sillamäe, Estonia

      • R. Silla, T. Trei

      Pages 63-68

   4. Health Effects of Exposure to Metals from Manufacturing Plants

      • L. Järup

      Pages 69-76

   5. Is Iodide a Confounding or Effect Modifying Factor of Liver Cirrhosis?

      • I. Vincze, G. Elek, G. Nádor

      Pages 77-84

   6. Structural-Functional State of the Bone-Muscular System in People Exposed to Low Doses of Ionising Radiation

      • V. V. Povoroznjuk

      Pages 85-94

4. Risk Assessment: Mapping and Modelling

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 95-96

      PDF

   2. Tools for Risk Assessment: Statistical and Spatial Methods

      • I. Vincze, E. Elek, G. Nádor

      Pages 97-111

   3. Environmental Modelling in the NEHAP Process

      • W. D. Henriques, D. J. Briggs

      Pages 113-132

   4. Tools for Risk Assessment — Geographic Information Systems

      • D. L. Dalbokova, R. S. Dimitrova, B. P. Boeva, W. D. Henriques, D. J. Briggs

      Pages 133-146

   5. Monte Carlo Simulations in Risk Assessment: Cancer Risk in the Polish Coke Industry

      • M. Biesiada, E. Smolik, L. Hubicki

      Pages 147-153

5. Risk Communication

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 155-156

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   2. Promoting Active Public Participation

      • C. G. Jardine, S. E. Hrudey

      Pages 157-168

   3. Putting Risk Communication Policy into Practice: A U.S. Federal Perspective

      • T. L. Tinker

      Pages 169-174

   4. Priority Setting of Environmental and Health Policy Options

      • R. Janikowski

      Pages 175-185

Accurate assessment of environmental hazards and related risks is a primary prerequisite for effective environmental health protection, at both the individual and collective level. National and regional policies on environmental health need to be guided by knowledge about the risks to the populations involved; as the Environmental Action Plan for Europe notes, 'priority setting requires the comparative assessment of risks to health of different environmental factors against the cost of controlling them.' In recent years this has assumed particular importance, for with the encouragement of the World Health Organisation (WHO), all countries in Europe are committed to producing National Environmental Health Action Plans (NEHAPs), which will define priorities and targets for environmental health and the actions needed to achieve them. Reliable information on risks is clearly fundamantal to this process. Individual risk assessment is no less important in this context. Much of the responsibility and capacity to improve public health lies ultimately in the choices (e.g. about diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual activities, sporting activities, travel mode, place of residence and occupation) which we make as individuals. If we are to improve and protect our own health, therefore, and in so doing play our personal role in achieving the targets set by these Plans, we need to be guided by a clear understanding of the risks involved.

• assessment
• cancer
• development
• environmental health
• health
• health policy

• Nene Centre for Research, Nene University College Northampton, Northampton, UK

  David J. Briggs

• Risk Management Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark

  Richard Stern

• Division of Health Education and Promotion, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, USA

  Tim L. Tinker

Policies and ethics