Management of Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the Development of More Productive and Sustainable Agricultural Systems

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-VI

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2. Biological nitrogen fixation: An efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production?

   • M. B. Peoples, D. F. Herridge, J. K. Ladha

   Pages 3-28

3. Sustainable agriculture in the semi-arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes

   • S. P. Wani, O. P. Rupela, K. K. Lee

   Pages 29-49

4. Enhancing crop legume N2 fixation through selection and breeding

   • D. F. Herridge, S. K. A. Danso

   Pages 51-82

5. Enhancing legume N2 fixation through plant and soil management

   • M. B. Peoples, J. K. Ladha, D. F. Herridge

   Pages 83-101

6. Role of legumes in providing N for sustainable tropical pasture systems

   • R. J. Thomas

   Pages 103-118

7. Management of biological N2 fixation in alley cropping systems: Estimation and contribution to N balance

   • N. Sanginga, B. Vanlauwe, S. K. A. Danso

   Pages 119-141

8. Manipulation of rhizobia microflora for improving legume productivity and soil fertility: A critical assessment

   • John Brockwell, Peter J. Bottomley, Janice E. Thies

   Pages 143-180

9. Green manure technology: Potential, usage, and limitations. A case study for lowland rice

   • M. Becker, J. K. Ladha, M. Ali

   Pages 181-194

10. Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice: Contributions and prospects for improvement

    • R. M. Boddey, O. C. de Oliveira, S. Urquiaga, V. M. Reis, F. L. de Olivares, V. L. D. Baldani et al.

    Pages 195-209

11. Biological N2 fixation by heterotrophic and phototrophic bacteria in association with straw

    • Margaret M. Roper, J. K. Ladha

    Pages 211-224

12. Potential and pitfalls of trying to extend symbiotic interactions of nitrogen-fixing organisms to presently non-nodulated plants, such as rice

    • F. J. de Bruijn, Y. Jing, F. B. Dazzo

    Pages 225-240

13. New techniques for studying competition by Rhizobia and for assessing nitrogen fixation in the field

    • Kate J. Wilson, Mark B. Peoples, Richard A. Jefferson

    Pages 241-253

14. Future benefits from biological nitrogen fixation: An ecological approach to agriculture

    • K. E. Giller, G. Cadisch

    Pages 255-277

15. Research evaluation and impact analysis of biological nitrogen fixation

    • M. C. S. Bantilan, C. Johansen

    Pages 279-286

16. Back Matter

    Pages 287-291

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Table 1. Global allocation of arable land between different com­ modities Globally, cereal cropping dominates cultivated land Commodities' Proportion of land area use (around 50% of total area, Table 1). The remain­ (%) ing arable land is used for production of oilseed, fibre, or food and cash crops. In addition, vast areas are Cereals maintained under temporary or permanent pasture for Wheat 16 forage production (2-3 fold greater than the total area Rice 10 under cultivation and permanent crop; Table 1, Fig. Maize 9 1). All cultivated crops, except for legumes (pulses All other cereals 13 and legume oil seeds) require the soil to provide rel­ Total 48 atively large amounts of nitrogen (N). It is necessary for the three most important cereals, wheat (Triticum Legumes aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays), Legume pulses 5 to take up 20 to 40 kg soil N ha -lover a period of 3 Legume oilseeds 6 to 5 months to satisfy the N requirements of the seed and supporting vegetative structure for each tonne of Total II grain produced (e. g. Fig. 2; Myers, 1988). Produc­ tive pastures on the other hand may assimilate> 100 Other crops I kg N ha- each annum, of which 50 to 90% will be Other oilseeds 6 consumed by livestock in intensively grazed systems Beverages / Tobacco 7 (Ledgardy, 1991; Thomas, 1995).

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• bacteria
• green manure
• paper
• rice
• soil
• soil fertility

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