Pragmatic Logic

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Introduction

   1. Introduction

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 1-4

3. Words, Thoughts and Objects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 5-5

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   2. Expressions and Their Meanings

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 7-15

   3. Statements and Their Parts

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 16-30

   4. Objective Counterparts of Expressions

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 31-47

   5. Ambiguity of Expressions and Defects of Meanings

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 48-56

   6. Definitions

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 57-84

   7. Questions and Interrogative Sentences

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 85-94

4. Inference

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 95-95

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   2. Formal Logic and the Consequence Relation

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 97-105

   3. Inference and the Conditions of Its Correctness

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 106-108

   4. Subjectively Certain Inference

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 109-119

   5. Subjectively Uncertain Inference

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 120-181

5. Methodological Types of Sciences

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 183-183

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   2. The Division of Sciences into Deductive and Inductive

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 185-193

   3. Deductive Sciences

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 194-237

   4. The Inductive Sciences

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 238-315

   5. Inductive Sciences and Scientific Laws

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 316-376

   6. Statistical Reasoning

      • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

      Pages 377-439

When asked in 1962 on what he was working Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz replied: Several years ago Polish Scientific Publishers suggested that I pre­ pare a new edition of The Logical Foundations of Teaching, which I wrote 1 before 1939 as a contribution to The Encyclopaedia of Education. It was a small booklet covering elementary information about logical semantics and scientific methodology, information which in my opinion was necessary as a foundation of teaching and as an element of the education of any teacher. When I recently set to preparing the new edition, I rewrote practically everything, and a booklet of some 100 pages swelled into a bulky volume almost five times bigger. The issues have remained practically the same, but they are now analysed much more thoroughly and the threshold of difficulty is much higher now. The main stress has been laid on the methods used in the empirical sciences, and within that field, on the theory of measurement and the methods of statistical inference. I am now working on the last chapter of the book, concerned with explanation procedures and theory construction in the empirical sciences. When that book, which I intend to entitle Pragmatic Logic, is com­ pleted I intend to prepare for the press Vol. 2 of my minor writings, 2 Language and Cognition, which will cover some of my post-war pa­ pers.

• 15th century
• concept
• construction
• experience
• formal logic
• foundation
• knowledge
• logic
• notation
• probability
• proposition
• structure
• subject
• syntactic
• truth

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