Treebanks

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxvi

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2. Building Treebanks

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. English treebanks

      1. The Penn Treebank: An Overview

         • Ann Taylor, Mitchell Marcus, Beatrice Santorini

         Pages 5-22

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      2. Thoughts on Two Decades of Drawing Trees

         • Geoffrey Sampson

         Pages 23-41

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      3. Bank of English and Beyond

         • Timo Järvinen

         Pages 43-59

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      4. Completing Parsed Corpora

         • Sean Wallis

         Pages 61-71

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   3. German treebanks

      1. Syntactic Annotation of a German Newspaper Corpus

         • Thorsten Brants, Wojciech Skut, Hans Uszkoreit

         Pages 73-87

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      2. Annotation of Error Types for German Newsgroup Corpus

         • Markus Becker, Andrew Bredenkamp, Berthold Crysmann, Judith Klein

         Pages 89-100

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   4. Slavic treebanks

      1. The Prague Dependency Treebank

         • Alena Böhmová, Jan Hajič, Eva Hajičová, Barbora Hladká

         Pages 103-127

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      2. An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish

         • Małgorzata Marciniak, Agnieszka Mykowiecka, Adam Przepiórkowski, Anna Kupść

         Pages 129-146

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   5. Treebanks for romance languages

      1. Developing a Syntactic Annotation Scheme and Tools for a Spanish Treebank

         • Antonio Moreno, Susana López, Fernando Sánchez, Ralph Grishman

         Pages 149-163

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      2. Building a Treebank for French

         • Anne Abeillé, Lionel Clément, François Toussenel

         Pages 165-187

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      3. Building the Italian Syntactic-Semantic Treebank

         • Simonetta Montemagni, Francesco Barsotti, Marco Battista, Nicoletta Calzolari, Ornella Corazzari, Alessandro Lenci et al.

         Pages 189-210

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      4. Automated Creation of a Medieval Portuguese Partial Treebank

         • Vitor Rocio, Mário Amado Alves, J. Gabriel Lopes, Maria Francisca Xavier, Graça Vicente

         Pages 211-227

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   6. Treebanks for other languages

      1. Sinica Treebank

         • Keh-Jiann Chen, Chi-Ching Luo, Ming-Chung Chang, Feng-Yi Chen, Chao-Jan Chen, Chu-Ren Huang et al.

         Pages 231-248

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      2. Building A Japanese Parsed Corpus

         • Sadao Kurohashi, Makoto Nagao

         Pages 249-260

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      3. Building a Turkish Treebank

         • Kemal Oflazer, Bilge Say, Dilek Zeynep Hakkani-Tür, Gökhan Tür

         Pages 261-277

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3. Using Treebanks

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 279-279

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   2. Encoding Syntactic Annotation

      • Nancy Ide, Laurent Romary

      Pages 281-296

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   3. Evaluation with treebanks

      1. Parser Evaluation

         • John Carroll, Guido Minnen, Ted Briscoe

         Pages 299-316

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Linguists and engineers in Natural Language Processing tend to use electronic corpora more and more. Most research has long been limited to raw (unannotated) texts or to tagged texts (annotated with parts of speech only), but these approaches suffer from a word by word perspective. A new line of research involves corpora with richer annotations such as clauses and major constituents, grammatical functions and dependency links. The first parsed corpora were the English Lancaster treebank and Penn Treebank. New ones have recently been developed for other languages.
This book:

provides a state of the art on work being done with parsed corpora;

gathers 21 papers on building and using parsed corpora raising many relevant questions;

deals with a variety of languages and a variety of corpora;

is for those working in linguistics, computational linguistics, natural language, syntax, and grammar.

• Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar
• Index
• Syntax
• computational linguistics
• corpus
• electronic corpora
• evolution
• grammar
• language
• linguistics
• syntactic

From the reviews:

"Anne Abeillé draws together a collection of fifteen short pieces focused primarily on the issues that come up in creating treebanks, demonstrated across an impressive variety of languages, along with six chapters on how treebanks are used. … For computational linguists working on automatic parsing, a pass through this book should be required … . The reader … will be rewarded with a clear sense of the challenge and the promise of systematically applying theoretically motivated linguistic representations to ‘language in the large’." (Philip Resnik, Language, Vol. 83 (4), 2007)

• Universite Paris 7, Paris, France

  Anne Abeillé

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