Interactions of Energy and Climate

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xl

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2. Global Energy Demand and Supply — Present and Future

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N1-N1

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   2. Economically Efficient Energy Futures

      • Amory B. Lovins

      Pages 1-31

   3. High Energy Demand and Supply Scenario

      • H.-H. Rogner, W. Sassin

      Pages 33-52

   4. The Role of Climate in Affecting Energy Demand/Supply

      • G. A. McKay, T. Allsopp

      Pages 53-72

   5. Climate Considerations and Energy Conservation

      • J. K. Page

      Pages 73-88

   6. Prospects for Using Improved Climate Information to Better Manage Energy Systems

      • William J. Quirk, John E. Moriarty

      Pages 89-106

3. Climatic Impacts of Carbon Dioxide

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N2-N2

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   2. The Carbon Cycle and Its Perturbation by Man

      • H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, M. Heimann

      Pages 107-127

   3. The Oceans and Biosphere as Future Sinks for Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide

      • Charles D. Keeling

      Pages 129-147

   4. The Role of the Biosphere

      • U. Hampicke

      Pages 149-167

   5. Modeling the Surface Temperature Changes Due to Increased Atmospheric CO2

      • W. Lawrence Gates

      Pages 169-190

   6. Constraints on Fossil Fuel Use

      • Ralph M. Rotty, Gregg Marland

      Pages 191-212

   7. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Carbon Dioxide Issue

      • David H. Slade

      Pages 213-241

4. Climatic Impacts of other Gases and Aerosols

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N3-N3

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   2. The Effects of Chlorofluoromethanes on Climate

      • D. H. Ehhalt

      Pages 243-255

   3. The Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization

      • I. S. A. Isaksen

      Pages 257-268

   4. Climatic Effects of Anthropogenic Trace Gases

      • V. Ramanathan

      Pages 269-280

   5. Aerosols and Climate

      • William W. Kellogg

      Pages 281-303

5. Climatic Impacts of Land use Changes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N4-N4

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Since the beginning of industrialization in the last century, a steady increase in energy consumption can be observed. At the same time, energy generation switched from wood and coal to predominantly oil, coal and natural gas. Soon, many countries became aware of the fact that the resources of fossil fuels, especially of oil and natural gas are finite. Diversification of energy sources became a requirement for the future. Governments expressed their concern by setting up natural energy programmes while international organisations undertook assessments of the global energy resources and possible rates of supply and substitution. When it comes to setting up energy policies, the following factors must be taken into consideration: population growth, level and nature of socio-economic activity, the costs of energy, the adequacy and reliability of supply, the availability of technology and supporting infrastructure, the success of energy conservation programmes and concern about the environment, safety aspects of production and use of energy as well as educational efforts toward a rational use of energy. When we express our most urgent concern, the long-term global energy provision, experts offer four interrelated partial strategies: - the strategy of rational use and conservation of energy - the strategy of using renewable energy sources - the coal strategy including coal gasification and liquefaction - the nuclear power strategy. Any strategy, however, for securing future energy supply has, from my point of view, to be thoroughly examined as to its impact on the environment.

• Aerosol
• Albedo
• Scale
• biosphere
• temperature

• Center for Applied Climatology and Environmental Studies, The University of Münster, Germany

  W. Bach

• Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (West), Germany

  J. Pankrath

• Climatological Consultant, Karlsruhe, Germany

  J. Williams

Policies and ethics