Climatic Variations and Variability: Facts and Theories

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxvi

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2. Mathematical and Physical Basis of Climate

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Climate System and Its Portrayal by Climate Models: A Review of Basic Principles

      • W. L. Gates

      Pages 3-19

   3. Climatic Changes and Variations: A Geophysical Problem

      • R. E. Newell, L. S. Chiu

      Pages 21-61

   4. The Memory of the Ocean

      • J. D. Woods

      Pages 63-83

   5. Surface Albedo

      • G. J. Kukla

      Pages 85-109

   6. Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean and Atmosphere Chemistry

      • W. S. Broecker

      Pages 111-121

3. Mathematical Techniques in Climate Reconstruction and Data Banks

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 123-123

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   2. Transfer Functions: Calibrating Micropaleontological Data in Climatic Terms

      • J. Imbrie, T. Webb III

      Pages 125-134

   3. Statistical Climatic Reconstructions from Tree-Ring Widths

      • H. C. Fritts

      Pages 135-153

   4. Data Banks for Climatological Purposes

      • W. W. Kellogg

      Pages 155-163

4. Facts : Reconstruction of Past Climates

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 165-165

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   2. Long-term climatic changes

      1. Palaeoclimatology Before Our Ice Age

         • N. J. Shackleton

         Pages 167-179

      2. Oxygen Isotope Studies and Quaternary Marine Climates

         • J. Cl. Duplessy

         Pages 181-192

      3. Palaeo-Climatic Studies on Ice Cores

         • W. Dansgaard

         Pages 193-206

      4. Pleistocene Climates on Land

         • G. J. Kukla

         Pages 207-232

      5. Tropical Climate Variations during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

         • H. Flohn

         Pages 233-242

   3. Climates in historical times and instrumental period

      1. Climate of the Last 1000 Years

         • C. J. E. Schuurmans

         Pages 245-258

      2. Long Series of Temperature and Precipitation in Europe

         • H. Flohn

         Pages 259-269

      3. Central England and De Bilt Series

         • C. J. E. Schuurmans

         Pages 271-285

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF CLIMATOLOGY The "Ettore Majorana Centre" for Scientific Culture, founded at Erice in 1963 by prof. Nino Zichichi, pursues the fundamental aim to create in Europe a cultural forum of high scientific standard, which can allow young research workers to appreciate current problems of major interest in the various fields of scientific research. , Since the beginning, its International Schools (over 70, today) have actively worked in disseminating scientific culture produced at the most advanced frontiers of human knowledge, spanning varied domains from biology to nuclear physics, earth sciences, meteorology, architecture, medical sciences and so on, Recently, in 1979, the International School of Climatology has been created with the purpose to organize post-doctorate cour ,;es, in which outstanding and up-to-date outlooks, theories and results in the climatic field must be presented in didactic form. Climatic variability was the subject of the first Course, in that climatic changes represent one of the most exciting phenomenologies to study; in fact, even if the climate has changed many times in the past, so making it reasonable to as­ sume that it will do so in the future, it is still not easy to understand the above mentioned changes from an hydrodynamical point of view.

• Aerosol
• Albedo
• Atmospheric circulation
• Climatology
• Orbit
• Precipitation
• Scale
• temperature

• Institut d’Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Nueve, Belgique

  A. Berger

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