The Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Introduction

   1. Introduction

      • James N. Galloway, Robert J. Charlson, Meinrat O. Andreae, Henning Rodhe

      Pages 1-2

3. The Emission of Sulfur and Nitrogen to the Remote Atmosphere

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 3-3

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   2. The Emission of Sulfur to the Remote Atmosphere: Background Paper

      • M. O. Andreae

      Pages 5-25

   3. The Emission of Nitrogen to the Remote Atmosphere: Background Paper

      • Ian E. Galbally

      Pages 27-53

   4. The Emission of Sulfur and Nitrogen to the Remote Atmosphere Working-Group Report

      • Ian E. Galbally, Meinrat O. Andreae, Bernard Bonsang, Paul J. Crutzen, Sherry O. Farwell, Elvira Tsani

      Pages 55-63

4. The Transformations of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 65-65

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   2. The Transformations of Sulfur And Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere Background Paper

      • Robert J. Charlson, William L. Chameides, Dieter Kley

      Pages 67-80

   3. The Transformation of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere Working Group Report

      • Robert B. Chatfield, Robert J. Charlson, James P. Friend, Wolfgang Jaeschke, Dieter Kley, Harold I. Schiff

      Pages 83-101

5. The Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen through the Remote Atmosphere

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 103-103

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   2. The Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen through the Remote Atmosphere Background Paper

      • Henning Rodhe

      Pages 105-124

   3. The Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen through the Remote Atmosphere Working Group Report

      • John M. Miller, Douglas M. Whelpdale, Leonard A. Barrie, Ivar S. A. Isaksen, Henning Rodhe, F. Barry Smith

      Pages 127-139

6. The Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen from the Remote Atmosphere

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 141-141

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   2. The Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen from the Remote Atmosphere Background Paper

      • James N. Galloway

      Pages 143-175

   3. The Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen from the Remote Atmosphere Working-Group Report

      • Joseph M. Prospero, William C. Keene, James N. Galloway, Robert J. Delmas, Lennart Granat, Gode Gravenhorst et al.

      Pages 177-200

7. Overview and Summary

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 201-202

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   2. The Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere

      • Paul J. Crutzen, Douglas M. Whelpdale, Dieter Kley, Leonard A. Barrie

      Pages 203-212

   3. Summary

      • James N. Galloway, Robert J. Charlson, Meinrat O. Andreae, Henning Rodhe

      Pages 215-226

8. Back Matter

   Pages 225-249

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Viewed from space, the Earth appears as a globe without a beginning or an end. Encompassing the globe is the atmosphere with its three phases-­ gaseous, liquid, and solid--moving in directions influenced by sunlight, gravity, and rotation. The chemical compositions of these phases are determined by biogeochemical cycles. Over the past hundred years, the processes governing the rates and reactions in the atmospheric biogeochemical cycles have typically been studied in regions where scientists lived. Hence, as time has gone by, the advances in our knowledge of atmospheric chemical cycles in remote areas have lagged substantially behind those for more populated areas. Not only are the data less abundant, they are also scattered. Therefore, we felt a workshop would be an excellent mechanism to assess the state­ of-knowledge of the atmospheric cycles of sulfur and nitrogen in remote areas and to make recommendations for future research. Thus, a NATO Advanced Research Workshop '~he Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere" was held at the Bermuda Biological Station, St. Georges, Bermuda, from 8-12 October 1984. The workshop was attended by 24 international scientists known for their work in atmospheric cycling in remote areas. This volume contains the back­ ground papers and the discussions resulting from that workshop. The workshop was organized along the lines of the atmospheric cycle. There were working groups on emission, transport, transformation, and deposi­ tion.

• atmosphere
• formation
• research
• transport
• hydrogeology

• Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

  James N. Galloway

• Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

  Robert J. Charlson

• Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA

  Meinrat O. Andreae

• Department of Meteorology, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

  Henning Rodhe

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