Breakdown in Human Adaptation to ‘Stress’ Volume II

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXIII

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2. Psychoneuroimmunology and breakdown in adaptation: interactions within the central nervous system, the immune and endocrine systems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 623-623

      PDF

   2. Immunology for Nonimmunologists: Some Guidelines for Incipient Psychoneuroimmunologists

      • Nicholas Cohen

      Pages 625-637

   3. Neuroendocrine Interactions with Brain and Behavior: A Model for Psychoneuroimmunology?

      • B. Bohus

      Pages 638-652

   4. Psychoneuroimmunology

      • R. Ader

      Pages 653-670

   5. Emotions, Immunity and Disease: An Historical and Philosophical Perspective

      • G. Solomon

      Pages 671-680

   6. Immunoglobulins as Stress Markers?

      • H. Ursin, R. Mykletun, E. Isaksen, R. Murison, R. Vaernes, O. Tønder

      Pages 681-690

   7. Problems of Clinical Interdisciplinary Research. Investigation into Bronchial Asthma as a Paradigm

      • Margit von Kerekjarto

      Pages 691-703

   8. Factors Involved in the Classical Conditioning of Antibody Responses in Mice

      • R. M. Gorczynski, S. MacRae, M. Kennedy

      Pages 704-712

   9. The Bone Marrow, our Autonomous Morphostatic “Brain”

      • W. Pierpaoli

      Pages 713-721

   10. Immune Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Hypophysial-Adrenal Axis: A Role for Thymosins and Lymphokines

       • Nicholas R. Hall, Joseph P. McGillis, Bryan L. Spangelo, David L. Healy, Allan L. Goldstein

       Pages 722-731

   11. Stress and Immune Response: Parameters and Markers

       • R. Ballieux

       Pages 732-739

3. Breakdown in human adaptation and gastrointestinal dysfunction: clinical, biochemical and psychobiological aspects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 741-741

      PDF

   2. The Brain and the Gut

      • Frank P. Brooks

      Pages 743-749

   3. The Role of Psychiatric Assessment in the Management of Functional Bowel Disease

      • David H. Alpers

      Pages 750-760

   4. Application of Psychological Measures in Epidemiological Studies of Gastrointestinal Disease: A Critical Opinion

      • J. Fielding

      Pages 761-764

   5. Stress-Related Nicotine Abuse and Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

      • John R. Bennett

      Pages 765-781

   6. Use of Quantitative Methods for the Study of Psychological Factors in Ulcer Patients

      • G. C. Lyketsos

      Pages 782-794

   7. Stress, the Immune System, and GI Function

      • A. S. Peña

      Pages 795-798

   8. Clinical Recognition of Stress Related Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults

      • J. F. Fielding

      Pages 799-806

The widespread interest in "stressful" aspects of contemporary society which contribute to its burden of illness and diseases (e.g. gastro intestinal, cardiovascular) has led to a large number of state­ ments and reports which relate the manifestations to a maladaptation of the individual. Furthermore, recent research suggests that under some condi tions stress may have a more generalized effect of decreasing the body IS ability to combat destructive forces and expose it to a variety of diseases. Breakdown in adaptation occurs when an individual cannot cope with demands inherent in his environment. These may be due to an excessive mental or physical load, including factors of a social or psychological nature and task performance requirements ranging from those which are monotonous, simple and repetitive to complex, fast, decision-taking ones. Experience shows however that not all people placed under the same condi tions suffer similarly, and it follows that to the social and psychological environment should be added a genetic factor influencing, through the brain, the responses of individuals. It is clear that, besides human suffering, this "breakdown in adaptation" causes massive losses of revenue to industry and national heal th authorities. Thus a reduction in "stress", before "breakdown" occurs, or an improvement in coping with it would be very valuable.

• stress

• Dept. of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  R. E. Ballieux

• Dept. of Gastroenterology, The Charitable Infirmary, Dublin, Ireland

  J. F. Fielding

• Dept. of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

  A. L’Abbate

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