Lead Exposure and Child Development

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

   PDF

2. State-of-the-Art Reviews

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. The Effects of Low-level Lead Exposure on Children

      • M. Smith

      Pages 3-47

   3. Effects of Low-Level Lead Exposure on Paediatric Neurobehavioural Development: Current Findings and Future Directions

      • L. D. Grant, J. M. Davis

      Pages 49-115

3. Introductory Papers

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 117-117

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   2. Lead: Ancient Metal — Modern Menace?

      • G. Kazantzis

      Pages 119-128

   3. Biological Monitoring of Lead Exposure in Children: Overview of Selected Biokinetic and Toxicological Issues

      • P. Mushak

      Pages 129-145

4. Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Studies of Children

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 147-148

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   2. Lead Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Performance: the Institute of Child Health/Southampton Study

      • S. J. Pocock, D. Ashby, M. A. Smith

      Pages 149-165

   3. Child—Caregiver Environmental Factors Related to Lead Exposure and IQ

      • S. R. Schroeder

      Pages 166-182

   4. Blood Lead and Other Influences on Mental Abilities — Results from the Edinburgh Lead Study

      • G. M. Raab, M. Fulton, G. O. B. Thomson, D. P. H. Laxen, R. Hunter, W. Hepburn

      Pages 183-200

   5. The Birmingham Blood Lead Studies

      • P. G. Harvey, M. W. Hamlin, R. Kumar, J. Morgan, A. Spurgeon, T. Delves

      Pages 201-210

   6. Psychometric Intelligence Deficits in Lead-exposed Children

      • A. Hatzakis, A. Kokkevi, C. Maravelias, K. Katsouyanni, F. Salaminios, A. Kalandidi et al.

      Pages 211-223

   7. Evaluation of Different Biological Indicators of Lead Exposure Related to Neuropsychological Effects in Children

      • G. Vivoli, M. Bergomi, P. Borella, G. Fantuzzi, L. Simoni, D. Catelli et al.

      Pages 224-239

   8. Neuropsychological Profile of Children in Relation to Dentine Lead Level and Socioeconomic Group

      • O. N. Hansen, A. Trillingsgaard, I. Beese, T. Lyngbye, P. Grandjean

      Pages 240-250

   9. A Regression Analysis Study of the Brussels Lead and IQ Data

      • R. J. G. Cluydts, A. Steenhout

      Pages 251-254

   10. The Sydney Study of Health Effects of Lead in Urban Children

       • W. G. McBride, C. J. Carter, J. R. Bratel, G. Cooney, A. Bell

       Pages 255-259

   11. Follow-up Studies in Lead-Exposed Children

       • G. Winneke, W. Collet, U. Krämer, A. Brockhaus, T. Ewert, C. Krause

       Pages 260-270

   12. Automated Assessment of Attention, Vigilance and Learning in Relation to Children’s Lead Levels

       • W. Yule, R. Lansdown, M. Urbanowicz, D. Muddiman, J. Hunter

       Pages 271-278

   13. Electrophysiological Assessment of Sensory and Cognitive Function in Children Exposed to Lead: A Review

       • D. A. Otto

       Pages 279-292

This book arises out of a workshop on lead exposure and child development which was held at the University of Edinburgh on 8th-12th September 1986. It was organized jointly by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in association with the UK Department of the Environment and the Scottish Home and Health Department. It brought together most of the internationally recognized groups working on the effects of lead exposure on child development including child psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, epidemiologists, toxicologists, stati­ sticians, and medical practitioners. One of the unique features of the meeting was that it included workers from initially separate fields of lead research, in particular those undertaking studies in infants and in older children, and those carrying out behavioural research in animals, as well as those undertaking biochemical studies on mechanisms of lead effect. The structure of this book reflects the main elements of the meeting. As such it includes three main sections. The first consists of two major state-of­ the-art reviews, and two invited introductory papers. The reviews were prepared for the organizers of the conference by two of the Editors. The objectives were to assess critically the state of current knowledge in this field and to provide a scientific basis both for policy decisions and for further research. The review prepared by Marjorie Smith for the Commission of the European Communities focusses on methodological and design issues, and summarizes our present scientific knowledge in this area.

• attention
• childhood
• development
• intelligence
• nervous system
• pregnancy

• Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Child Health Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK

  M. A. Smith

• Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Office of Health and Environment Assessment US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA

  L. D. Grant

• Environment Research Programme, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium

  A. I. Sors

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