Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Introduction to Physical, Physiological and Causal Forest Ecology

   • Pertti Hari, Liisa Kulmala, Mikko Havimo

   Pages 1-6

3. The Approach to Construct and Test the Theory of Forest Ecology

   • Pertti Hari

   Pages 7-25

4. Environmental Factors

   • Üllar Rannik, Samuli Launiainen, Jukka Pumpanen, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala et al.

   Pages 27-42

5. Processes in Living Structures

   • Jaana Bäck, Eero Nikinmaa, Liisa Kulmala, Asko Simojoki, Tuomo Kalliokoski, Pertti Hari et al.

   Pages 43-223

6. Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Nutrients

   • Teemu Hölttä, Pertti Hari, Kari Heliövaara, Eero Nikinmaa, Jukka Pumpanen, Timo Vesala et al.

   Pages 225-328

7. Structural Regularities in Trees

   • Pertti Hari, Mikko Havimo, Juho Aalto, Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto, Eero Nikinmaa, Anna Lintunen et al.

   Pages 329-347

8. Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen Fluxes and Pools in Forest Ecosystem

   • Pertti Hari, Mikko Havimo, Kourosh Kabiri Koupaei, Kalev Jögiste, Ahto Kangur, Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen et al.

   Pages 349-396

9. How to Utilise the Knowledge of Causal Responses?

   • Pertti Hari, Mikko Havimo, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Liisa Kulmala, Eero Nikinmaa, Timo Vesala et al.

   Pages 397-469

10. Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations: SMEAR

    • Pertti Hari, Eero Nikinmaa, Toivo Pohja, Erkki Siivola, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vesala et al.

    Pages 471-487

11. The Physical and Physiological Theory of Forest Ecology and Its Evaluation

    • Pertti Hari

    Pages 489-504

12. Back Matter

    Pages 505-534

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This book introduces a holistic synthesis of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in forest ecosystems from cell to stand level during the lifetime of trees. Establishing that metabolism and physical phenomena give rise to concentration, pressure and temperature differences that generate the material and energy fluxes between living organisms and their environment. The editors and authors utilize physiological, physical and anatomical background information to formulate theoretical ideas dealing with the effects of the environment and the state of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments on metabolism. The emergent properties play an important role in the transitions from detailed to more aggregate levels in the ecosystem. Conservation of mass and energy allow the construction of dynamic models of carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pools at various levels in the hierarchy of forest ecosystems.

• Conservation of Material and Energy
• Extra Cellular Enzymes
• Material and Energy Flux
• Regularities in Metabolism
• Regularities in Structure
• climate change

• Fac. Agriculture & Forestry, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  Pertti Hari, Liisa Kulmala

• , Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  Kari Heliövaara

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