Science in the Context of Application

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

   PDF

2. Science in the Context of Application: Methodological Change, Conceptual Transformation, Cultural Reorientation

   • Martin Carrier, Alfred Nordmann

   Pages 1-7

3. Changing Conditions of Scientific Research: Science and Technology

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 9-9

      PDF

4. Changing Conditions of Scientific Research : Science and Technology

   1. Knowledge, Politics, and Commerce: Science Under the Pressure of Practice

      • Martin Carrier

      Pages 11-30

   2. Between the Pure and Applied: The Search for the Elusive Middle Ground

      • Margaret Morrison

      Pages 31-45

   3. Science in the Context of Industrial Application: The Case of the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium

      • Marc J. de Vries

      Pages 47-66

   4. Multi-Level Complexities in Technological Development: Competing Strategies for Drug Discovery

      • Matthias Adam

      Pages 67-83

   5. Theory and Therapy: On the Conceptual Structure of Models in Medical Research

      • Martin Carrier, Patrick Finzer

      Pages 85-99

   6. Materials as Machines

      • Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent

      Pages 101-111

5. Changing Conditions of Scientific Research: The Role of Instruments

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 113-113

      PDF

6. Changing Conditions of Scientific Research: The Role of Instruments

   1. Holism and Entrenchment in Climate Model Validation

      • Johannes Lenhard, Eric Winsberg

      Pages 115-130

   2. Computational Science and Its Effects

      • Paul Humphreys

      Pages 131-142

   3. Expertise in Methods, Methods of Expertise

      • Carsten Reinhardt

      Pages 143-159

   4. Recent Orientations and Reorientations in the Life Sciences

      • Hans-Jörg Rheinberger

      Pages 161-168

   5. Transforming Objects into Data: How Minute Technicalities of Recording “Species Location” Entrench a Basic Challenge for Biodiversity

      • Ayelet Shavit, James Griesemer

      Pages 169-193

7. Changing Conditions of Scientific Research: Institutional Changes in Applied Research

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 195-195

      PDF

   2. Protected Spaces of Science: Their Emergence and Further Evolution in a Changing World

      • Arie Rip

      Pages 197-220

   3. The Cognitive, Instrumental and Institutional Origins of Nanoscale Research: The Place of Biology

      • Anne Marcovich, Terry Shinn

      Pages 221-242

8. Science, Values and Society: Economic, Political and Public Relations of Research

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 243-243

      PDF

9. Science, Values and Society: Commercialization, Politicization and Medialization of Research

   1. Bringing the Marketplace into Science: On the Neoliberal Defense of the Commercialization of Scientific Research

      • Justin Biddle

      Pages 245-269

We increasingly view the world around us as a product of science and technology. Accordingly, we have begun to appreciate that science does not take its problems only from nature and then produces technological applications, but that the very problems of scientific research themselves are generated by science and technology. Simultaneously, problems like global warming, the toxicology of nanoparticles, or the use of renewable energies are constituted by many factors that interact with great complexity. Science in the context of application is challenged to gain new understanding and control of such complexity—it cannot seek shelter in the ivory tower or simply pursue its internal quest for understanding and gradual improvement of grand theories. Science in the Context of Application will identify, explore and assess these changes. Part I considers the "Changing Conditions of Scientific Research" and part II "Science, Values, and Society". Examples are drawn from pharmaceutical research, the information sciences, simulation modelling, nanotechnology, cancer research, the effects of commercialization, and many other fields. The book assembles papers from well-known European and American Science Studies scholars like Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Janet Kourany, Michael Mahoney, Margaret Morrison, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Arie Rip, Dan Sarewitz, Peter Weingart, and others. The individual chapters are written to address anyone who is concerned about the role of contemporary science in society, including scientists, philosophers, and policy makers.

• Applied Research
• Scientific Method
• Technoscience

From the reviews:

“This is a weighty book in its ambition … and in the quality of thought that the articles convey. … this volume deserves careful reading by all those interested in modern science. … the book concentrates on three areas – information technology (including the problems of making silicon chips), biotechnology, and nanotechnology – each of which is closely related to chemistry.” (Robert Bud, AMBIX, Vol. 59 (3), November, 2012)

• Abt. Philosophie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

  Martin Carrier

• TU Darmstadt, Institute for Philosophy, Darmstadt, Germany

  Alfred Nordmann

Policies and ethics