Perspectives of Stem Cells

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Neural Induction

   • Karla Loureiro Almeida, José Abreu, C. Y. Irene Yan

   Pages 1-10

3. Neurogenesis: A Change of Paradigms

   • Luiz E. Mello, Beatriz M. Longo

   Pages 11-33

4. Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Epithelium

   • Bettina Malnic, Lucia Armelin-Correa

   Pages 35-45

5. Cell Diversification During Neural Crest Ontogeny: The Neural Crest Stem Cells

   • Elisabeth Dupin, Giordano W. Calloni, Nicole M. Le Douarin

   Pages 47-58

6. Intermediate Filament Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Embryos

   • Zhigang Xue, Vivaldo Moura-Neto, Araksya Izmiryan, Sheila Cristina de Souza Martins, Jean Christophe Larcher, Denise Paulin et al.

   Pages 59-72

7. Aneuploidy in Embryonic Stem Cells

   • Rafaela C. Sartore, Priscila B. Campos, Michael J. McConnell, Stevens K. Rehen

   Pages 73-86

8. Retrotransposition and Neuronal Diversity

   • Maria C. N. Marchetto, Fred H. Gage, Alysson R. Muotri

   Pages 87-96

9. Directing Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Distinct Neuronal Subtypes

   • Noelle Ammon, Nathaniel Hartman, Laura Grabel

   Pages 97-114

10. Neurotransmitters as Main Players in the Neural Differentiation and Fate Determination Game

    • Katia K. Yuahasi, Katia N. Gomes, Marcelo Campos, Arthur A. Nery, Ariane Nunes- Alves, Cleber A. Trujillo et al.

    Pages 115-134

11. Rhythmic Expression of Notch Signaling in Neural Progenitor Cells

    • Hiromi Shimojo, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Ryoichiro Kageyama

    Pages 135-143

12. Neuron-Astroglial Interactions in Cell Fate Commitment in the Central Nervous System

    • Joice Stipursky, Tânia Cristina Leite de Sampaio e Spohr, Luciana Ferreira Romão, Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes

    Pages 145-170

13. The Origin of Microglia and the Development of the Brain

    • Flavia R. S. Lima, Anna Carolina C. da Fonseca, Giselle P. Faria, Luiz Gustavo F. Dubois, Tércia R. Alves, Jane Faria et al.

    Pages 171-189

14. Tissue Biology of Proliferation and Cell Death Among Retinal Progenitor Cells

    • Rafael Linden, Rodrigo A.P. Martins, Mariana S. Silveira, Helena L. Borges, Alfred Sholl-Franco, Lucianne Fragel-Madeira et al.

    Pages 191-230

15. Potential Application of Very Small Embryonic Like (VSEL) Stem Cells in Neural Regeneration

    • Mariusz Z. Ratajczak, Ewa Zuba-Surma, Magda Kucia, Przemyslaw Nowacki, Bogdan Machalinski

    Pages 231-243

16. Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

    • Asuka Morizane, Jun Takahashi

    Pages 245-254

17. Functional Multipotency of Neural Stem Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications

    • Yang D. Teng, Serdar Kabatas, Jianxue Li, Dustin R. Wakeman, Evan Y. Snyder, Richard L. Sidman

    Pages 255-270

18. Dual Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury: Cell Replacement Therapy and as a Model System to Understand Axonal Repair

    • Cecile King, Shyam Patel, Treena Livingston Arinzeh, Pranela Rameshwar

    Pages 271-284

19. Back Matter

    Pages 285-290

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Stem cells are fascinating cell types. They can replicate themselves forever while retaining the potential to generate progeny with speci?c functions. Because of these special properties, stem cells have been subjects of intensive investigation, from understanding basic mechanisms underlying tissue generation, to modeling human diseases, to application for cell replacement therapy. Stem cells come in different forms. For example, mouse embryonic stem cells can general all cell types in a body, either in a dish or when put back into mouse embryos. On the other hand, neural stem cells in the adult brain generate neurons and glia cells that contribute to the brain’s plasticity. Rapid progress has been made in the stem cell ?eld with discov- ies published in a record speed. A quick Pubmed search has returned 2789 hits for “embryonic stem cells” and 815 hits for “adult neural stem cells/neurogenesis” in the year 2008 alone. It remains a taunting task for all who are interested in stem cells to keep up with rapidly accumulating literatures. The “Perspectives of Stem Cells” by a truly international team of experts provides a timely and invaluable highlight of the stem cell ?eld gearing toward future therapeutic applications in the nervous system. Stem cells with neural potentials have attracted a lot of attention because of their promise for cell replacement therapy, ranging from degenerative neurological dis- ders to spinal cord injuries.

• Cellular diversification
• Cellular therapy
• Neurogenesis and gliogenesis
• Neuron
• Regeneration
• Signalling mechanisms
• stem cell

• Inst. Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

  Henning Ulrich

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