Thermodynamics in Geology

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIII

   PDF

2. Geological Applications of High Temperature Reaction Calorimetry

   • Alexandra Navrotsky

   Pages 1-10

3. Experimental Determination of the Mixing Properties of Solid Solutions with Particular Reference to Garnet and Clinopyroxene Solutions

   • Bernard J. Wood

   Pages 11-27

4. Thermochemistry of Garnets and Aluminous Pyroxenes in the CMAS System

   • Robert C. Newton

   Pages 29-55

5. Activity-Composition Relationships for Crystalline Solutions

   • R. Powell

   Pages 57-65

6. Chemical Mixing in Multicomponent Solutions: An Introduction to the Use of Margules and Other Thermodynamic Excess Functions to Represent Non-Ideal Behaviour

   • John Grover

   Pages 67-97

7. Determination of Atomic Occupancies

   • E. J. W. Whittaker

   Pages 99-113

8. The Accuracy and Precision of Calculated Mineral Dehydration Equilibria

   • G. M. Anderson

   Pages 115-136

9. Thermodynamics of Dehydration Equilibria

   • Niranjan D. Chatterjee

   Pages 137-159

10. Fugacity and Activity of Molecular Species in Supercritical Fluids

    • John R. Holloway

    Pages 161-181

11. Compositions and Thermodynamics of Metamorphic Solutions

    • Hans P. Eugster

    Pages 183-202

12. The Significance of Fluid Inclusions in Metamorphic Rocks

    • Jacques Touret

    Pages 203-227

13. The Stability of Phlogopite in the Presence of Quartz and Diopside

    • David R. Wones, Franklin C. W. Dodge

    Pages 229-247

14. Opaque Minerals as Sensitive Oxygen Barometers and Geothermometers in Lunar Basalts

    • A. El Goresy, E. Woermann

    Pages 249-277

15. Thermodynamic Properties of Molten Salt Solutions

    • O. J. Kleppa

    Pages 279-299

16. Thermodynamic Properties of Silicate Melts

    • Donald G. Fraser

    Pages 301-325

17. The Activities of Components in Natural Silicate Melts

    • J. Nicholls

    Pages 327-348

18. The Thermodynamics of Trace Element Distribution

    • R. K. O’Nions, R. Powell

    Pages 349-363

19. The Solubility of Calcite in Sea Water

    • Wallace S. Broecker, Taro Takahashi

    Pages 365-379

20. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Metamorphism

    • George W. Fisher

    Pages 381-403

It has long been realized that the mineral assemblages of igneous and metamorphic rocks may reflect the approach of a rock to chemical eCluilibrium during its formation. However progress in the application of chemical thermodynamics to geological systems has been hindered since the time of Bowen and the other early physical-chemical petrologists by the recurring Cluandary of the experimental geologist. His systems are complex and are experimentally intractable, but if they were not so refractory they would not be there to study at all. It is only recently that accurate measurements of the thermodynamic properties of pure, or at least well-defined minerals, melts and volatile fluid phases, combined with experimental and theoretical studies of their mixing properties, have made it possible to calculate the eCluilibrium conditions for particular rock systems. Much work is now in progress to extend the ranges of com­ position and conditions for which sufficient data exist to enable such calculations to be made. Moreover the routine availability of the electron microprobe will ensure that the demand for such information will continue to increase. The thermodynamic techniClues reCluired to apply these data to geological problems are intrinsically simple and merely involve the combination of appropriate standard state data together with corrections for the effects of solution in natural minerals, melts or volatile fluids.

• Pet
• Vine
• behavior
• calorimetry
• chemistry
• element
• energy
• equation of state
• geology
• microscopy
• mineral
• phase diagram
• stability
• structure
• thermodynamics

• Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Oxford, England

  Donald G. Fraser

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