Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

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2. Introduction

   • M. Filippi, D. L. Arnold, G. Comi

   Pages 1-4

3. Axonal Signals and Central Nervous System Myelination

   • C. Lubetzki, B. Zalc

   Pages 5-13

4. Axonal Loss in Multiple Sclerosis

   • C. Bjartmar, B. D. Trapp

   Pages 15-32

5. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Fundamentals

   • J. C. McGowan

   Pages 33-49

6. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

   • S. P. Morrissey

   Pages 51-59

7. Axonal Injury and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Measure of Dynamic Pathological Change in White Matter

   • D. L. Arnold, N. De Stefano, S. Narayanan, P. M. Matthews

   Pages 61-67

8. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multiple Sclerosis: Cortical Reorganisation and Recovery

   • H. Reddy, D. L. Arnold, P. M. Matthews

   Pages 69-77

9. Correlations between Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Other Magnetic Resonance Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis

   • M. Rovaris, M. Filippi

   Pages 79-86

10. Magnetization Transfer and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Other White Matter Diseases

    • M. Filippi, G. Comi

    Pages 87-96

11. New Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Strategies

    • O. Gonen, R. I. Grossman

    Pages 97-112

12. Optimization and Standardization of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques for Multicenter Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Studies

    • J. C. McGowan

    Pages 113-119

13. Overview of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in White Matter Diseases Other than Multiple Sclerosis

    • N. De Stefano, A. Federico

    Pages 121-133

14. Overview of Magnetic Resonance Studies in Other Neurological Conditions

    • A. Falini

    Pages 135-147

15. Back Matter

    Pages 149-153

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Recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in the development and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that can provide quantitative measures with some degree of pathological specificity for the heterogeneous substrates of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the most promising of these techniques. Thanks to MRS, axonal damage is no longer considered an end-stage phenomenon typical of only the most destructive lesions and the most unfortunate cases, but rather as a major component of the MS pathology of lesions and normal-appearing white matter at all the phases of the disease. This new concept is rapidly changing our understanding of MS pathophysiology and, as a consequence, the therapeutic strategies to modify the disease course favorably. Many of the authors have pionereed the use of MRS in MS, thus contributing to the foundation of the "axonal hypothesis".

• Axonal loss
• Disability
• Multiple sclerosis
• Nervous System
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• magnetic resonance spectroscopy

• Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

  Massimo Filippi

• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada

  Douglas L. Arnold

• Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

  Giancarlo Comi

Policies and ethics