Pancreatic Beta Cell in Health and Disease

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XV

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2. Pancreatic Beta Cell and Insulin Biosynthesis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Architecture of Pancreatic Islets

      • Marcela Brissova, Alvin C. Powers

      Pages 3-11

   3. Transcriptional Regulation of Insulin Gene Expression

      • Isabella Artner, Roland Stein

      Pages 13-30

   4. The Biosynthesis of Insulin

      • Donald F. Steiner

      Pages 31-49

3. Cell Signaling and Insulin Secretion

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 51-51

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   2. Metabolic Regulation of Insulin Secretion

      • Barbara E. Corkey

      Pages 53-74

   3. Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Death in Diabetes

      • Marc Y. Donath, Jan A. Ehses

      Pages 75-89

   4. Ion Channels and Insulin Secretion

      • David A. Jacobson, Louis H. Philipson

      Pages 91-110

   5. Gap Junctions and Insulin Secretion

      • Philippe Klee, Sabine Bavamian, Anne Charollais, Dorothée Caille, José Cancela, Manon Peyrou et al.

      Pages 111-132

   6. Protein Kinase A-Independent Mechanism of cAMP in Insulin Secretion

      • Susumu Seino, Takashi Miki, Tadao Shibasaki

      Pages 133-146

   7. Regulation of Insulin Granule Exocytosis

      • Erik Renström, Patrik Rorsman

      Pages 147-176

   8. Mechanism of Insulin Exocytosis Analyzed by Imaging Techniques

      • Shinya Nagamatsu, Mica Ohara-Imaizumi

      Pages 177-193

   9. Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Insulin Exocytosis

      • Noriko Takahashi, Haruo Kasai

      Pages 195-211

4. Pancreatic Development and Beta-Cell Formation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 213-213

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   2. Regulation of Beta-Cell Growth and Death

      • Christopher J. Rhodes

      Pages 215-243

   3. Beta-Cell Replication

      • Seth J. Salpeter, Yuval Dor

      Pages 245-263

   4. Stem Cells as a Cure for Diabetes

      • Timo Otonkoski, Meenal Banerjee, Karolina Lundin

      Pages 265-284

   5. Use of Extra-Pancreatic Tissues for Cell Replacement Therapy for Diabetes

      • Irit Meivar-Levy, Sarah Ferber

      Pages 285-312

5. Incretins and Beta-Cell Function

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 313-313

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The beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are the only cells in the body that produce and secrete insulin, a key metabolic hormone, which plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis regulating glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue as well as carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in these tissues and the liver. Failure of normal beta-cell function can lead to hyperglycemia (diabetes mellitus) or hypoglycemia. While hy- glycemia is a rare and life-threatening condition in which the beta cell secretes too much insulin, diabetes mellitus is a common disorder that is fast bec- ing an epidemic. It is a major threat to human health in the 21st century. The number of diabetic patients worldwide is rapidly increasing and is predicted to reach 380 million by 2025, according to the International Diabetes Fede- tion (IDF). Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder with some forms such as maturity-onset diabetes of the young and permanent neonatal diabetes being primary genetic disorders of the beta cell. Monogenic forms of diabetes are an uncommon cause of diabetes representing about 1% of cases. The common forms of diabetes mellitus, designated type 1 and type 2, are multifactorial in origin with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells leading to an absolute de? ciency of insulin and fatal hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis if not treated.

• Diabetes
• Insulin Secretion
• Islets Of Langerhans
• Pancreatic Islets
• biosynthesis
• cell
• cells
• development
• genetic disorders
• homeostasis
• insulin
• protein
• regulation
• stem cells
• tissue

• Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

  Susumu Seino

• Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

  Graeme I. Bell

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