Biennials - art on a global scale

1. Front Matter

   Pages 1-5

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2. Introduction

   1. Introduction

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 6-11

3. The First Phase — Biennials in the Age of Modernity

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 12-13

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   2. The Creation of the Biennale

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 14-21

   3. La Biennale di Venezia

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 22-32

   4. Biennials at the Beginning of the 20th Century

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 33-36

   5. Biennials of the 1950’s

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 37-42

   6. Biennials of the 1960’s and 1970’s

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 43-46

   7. Biennials of the 1980’s

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 47-59

4. The Second Phase — Biennials in the Age of Globalization

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 60-61

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   2. New Social and Political Developments

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 62-68

   3. Global Art and Contemporary Art

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 69-73

   4. Biennials of the 1990’s

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 74-92

   5. Biennials in the New Millenium

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 93-102

5. Conclusion: Potential and Limitations of Biennials

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 104-106

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   2. Biennials as a Marketing Tool

      • Sabine B. Vogel

      Pages 107-115

6. Back Matter

   Pages 117-142

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Each second year, those interested in the fine arts from all over the world feel attracted to the “Biennale di Venezia”. Founded in 1895, it’s the best-known and oldest biennial followed only 50 years later by the Sao Paulo Biennial. In modern times the leading format for internationalization, the number of new foundations has once more rapidly increased in the course of globalization since the eigthies. Biennials are in fact the only exhibition format in which the impact of globalization expresses itself in terms of arts. There is, though, little published information on the biennials of Sao Paulo, Habana, Istanbul, Sidney, or New Delhi, to name but the oldest. To which tradition do biennials belong and what’s the importance of this format today? Which developments do they reflect, which ones do they initiate? Through the portraits of 22 selected biennials, the book seeks answers for these questions. Thanks to numerous illustrations and a list of the most important biennials founded, this book gives the first compact overview of this complex topic.

• Architecture
• Art History
• Biennials
• exhibition
• internationalization

• Institute of Fine Arts and Media Art, University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria

  Sabine B. Vogel

Sabine B. Vogel was born in Essen, Germany, and moved to Vienna in 1995. Since 2001 she has been living in Klosterneuburg, Austria. After her studies at Ruhr University Bochum, she wrote her thesis in history of arts at the University for Applied Arts, Vienna. As of 1989, Sabine B. Vogel is a free-lance arts critic, a curator, and correspondent for ArtForum, New York, among others. As of 2003, she is a lecturer at the University for Applied Arts, Vienna; as of 2004 board member; as of 2008 president of AICA (International Association of Art Critics) Austria.

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