Thinking in Complexity

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIV

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2. Introduction: From Linear to Nonlinear Thinking

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 1-13

3. Complex Systems and the Evolution of Matter

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 15-78

4. Complex Systems and the Evolution of Life

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 79-112

5. Complex Systems and the Evolution of Mind-Brain

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 113-169

6. Complex Systems and the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 171-252

7. Complex Systems and the Evolution of Human Society

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 253-304

8. Epilogue on Future, Science, and Ethics

   • Klaus Mainzer

   Pages 305-326

9. Back Matter

   Pages 327-363

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The second edition of "Thinking in Complexity", like the first edition, was also sold out in less than one year. Meanwhile, Japanese and Chinese translations of the sec­ ond editon have been published. Once more I have taken the opportunity provided by a new edition to revise and extend the text. A new Sect. 2. 5 "Complex Systems and the Self­ Construction of Materials" is included, in order to ana­ lyze the role of complex systems in the dramatic success of supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, and the technology of smart ("intelligent") materials. These top­ ics lie at the boundary between materials science and life science. In recent years, life science and computer science have been growing together in a common field of research called "artificial life". A further new Sect. 5. 5 "From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Life" has been added, in which the role of complex systems in the field of arti­ ficiallife is discussed. I also use the opportunity of the new edition to make some remarks about the relationship between the Santa Fe approach to complex systems and the methods of synergetics and order parameters which are key concepts in this book. Research into complex systems continues world­ wide. I have to thank the readers who have written friendly and inspiring letters from all over the world. Some months ago, a German Society of Complex Sys­ tems and Nonlinear Dynamics was founded.

• Aristotle
• Brain Modeling
• Decision Making
• Plato
• System Theory
• complex systems
• ethics
• evolution
• natural science
• nature
• nonlinear dynamics
• technology

From the reviews of the fourth edition:

THE INDUSTRIAL PHYSICIST:

"The science of complexity is likely to be among the most salient features of the 21^st century, and Thinking in Complexity: Computational Dynamics of Matter, Mind, and Mankind is just as likely to be among the most popular introductions to the topic. Author Klaus Mainzer treats highly technical materials related to descriptions of complexity pervading science, engineering, and societal dynamics–and even ethics–with a lucidity that is sure to captivate physicists as well as the general public with a moderate scientific background. … Readers of this book will enjoy Mainzer’s exposition, which is based on a tight coupling between classical and historical concepts from Plato and Aristotle to modern, mathematical and physical developments, including relativity, chaos, and quantum physics. Every chapter begins with a section designed to orient the reader to the perspective of philosophical developments through the ages pertinent to the topic at hand. Readers patient enough to read through the lines will be rewarded with occasional gems such as Mainzer’s speculation on a possible correlation between a society’s development of atomistic ideas and its possession of a phonetic alphabet. The author takes pains to point out essential differences between classical science and the science of complexity. … Thinking in Complexity is an outstandingly readable book."

"This book is ambitious, incredibly erudite wih 22 pages of references, and is indisputably clearly and beautifully illustrated. It is perfectly suited to a first course on the science of complexity." (Physicalia 2005, vol. 57, page 191-192)

"All-in-all, this highly recommended book is a wonderful resource for intuitive basic ideas in the need of rigorous formulation." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH 2004, vol. 1046, page 5)

"‘This is thefourth revised and slightly enlarged edition’ of what has been a bestseller since its first publication in 1994. … This book is ambitious, incredibly erudite with 22 pages of references, and is indisputably clearly and beautifully written and illustrated. It is perfectly suited to a first course on the science of complexity. Even beginners and young graduate students will have something to learn from this book." (André Hautot, Physicalia, Vol. 57 (3), 2005)

"Here is the fourth edition of a highly successful sequence of editions of this excellent book on complexity theory and its implications. … The major change from the three earlier editions is a shift of emphasis from the complex dynamics of matter, mind, and mankind towards the computational dynamics of mind, matter and mankind. … 100 pages of useful new material have been added to the book. All-in-all, this highly recommended book is a wonderful resource for intuitive basic ideas in the need of rigorous formulation." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1046 (21), 2004)

"Readers of this book will enjoy Mainzer’s exposition, which is based on a tight coupling between classical and historical concepts from Plato and Aristotle to modern, mathematical and physical developments … . Every chapter begins with a section designed to orient the reader to the perspective of philosophical developments through the ages pertinent to the topic at hand. … The author takes pains to point out essential differences between classical science and the science of complexity. … Thinking in Complexity is an outstandingly readable book." (Anutosh Moitra, The Industrial Physicist, August/September, 2004)

From the reviews of the fifth edition:

"A new fifth edition of ‘Thinking in Complexity’ reflects recent developments associated with complexity research in life and physical sciences, computer science, economics, social and cognitive sciences. … This valuable text on complexitytheory and nonlinear dynamics features profound applications to important problems in natural and social sciences, culture, economics and serves both as a gentle introduction to complexity and a versatile encyclopedia where recent contributions to the field are thoroughly collected." (Yuri V. Rogovchenko, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1163, 2009)

• Lehrstuhl für Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

  Klaus Mainzer

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