Electrophotography and Development Physics

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVIII

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 1-25

3. The Electrophotographic Process

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 26-49

4. The Development Step

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 50-62

5. Toner Charging for Two-Component Development Systems

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 63-93

6. Cascade Development

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 94-119

7. Insulative Magnetic Brush Development

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 120-167

8. Conductive Magnetic Brush Development

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 168-186

9. Toner Charging for Monocomponent Development Systems

   • Lawrence B. Schein

   Pages 187-202

10. Monocomponent Development

    • Lawrence B. Schein

    Pages 203-224

11. Liquid Development

    • Lawrence B. Schein

    Pages 225-244

12. Back Matter

    Pages 245-273

    PDF

Electrophotography (also called xerography), the technology inside the famil­ iar copier, has become increasingly important to modern society. Since the first automatic electrophotographic copiers were introduced in 1959, they have become indispensable to the modern office and now constitute a multi­ billion dollar industry involving many of the world's largest corporations. By the 1990s, it is expected that electrophotography will be one of the most pre­ valent printer technologies. This will occur because of the growing need for printers that are quiet, that can produce multiple fonts, and that can print graphics and images. Electrophotographic printers satisfy these requirements and have demonstrated economic and technical viability over an enormous speed range, from 6 to 220 pages per minute, with output quality that ap­ proaches offset printing. Organizations contemplating designing a new electrophotographic copier or printer need to deal with two sets of issues. First, for each of the six process steps in electrophotography there are several different technologies that must be evaluated and chosen. For example, there are three development technol­ ogies (dual component, mono component and liquid); cleaning can be done with a blade or brush; and the photoconductor can be inorganic or organic, either of which can be configured in the form of a belt or a drum. Second, once a technology for each step is chosen, it must be optimized and integrated with the other process steps. This optimization and integration is facilitated by a firm scientific understanding of the technologies being considered.

• ASTER
• Action
• design
• laser
• photography

• IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, USA

  Lawrence B. Schein

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