Nomenclature, Methodology and Results of Clinical Trials in Acute Leukemias

1. Front Matter

   Pages N3-IX

   PDF

2. General Introduction

   1. General Introduction

      • G. Mathé

      Pages 1-2

3. Nomenclature and Classification

   1. Introduction to Nomenclature and Classification of Acute Leukemias

      • S. Perry

      Pages 3-5

   2. Classification and Subclassification of Acute Leukemias Correlated with Clinical Expression, Therapeutic Sensitivity and Prognosis

      • G. Mathé, P. Pouillart, R. Weiner, M. Hayat, Marina Steresco, Marguerite Lafleur

      Pages 6-20

   3. Classification of Acute Leukaemias Using Romanowsky, Sudan Black and Periodic Acid Schiff Stains

      • M. E. J. Beard

      Pages 21-22

   4. Survival Prediction Based on Morphology of Lymphoblasts

      • J. M. Bennett, M. R. Klemperer, G. B. Segel

      Pages 23-27

   5. Cytology and Survival in Acute Lymphatic Leukemia of Children

      • S. L. Lee, O. Glidewell

      Pages 28-34

   6. Histologic Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias

      • H. Rappaport

      Pages 35-42

   7. Practical Value of Cytochemical Studies for the Classification of Acute Leukemias

      • G. Flandrin, M. T. Daniel

      Pages 43-56

   8. Indications and Limits of Cytochemistry in Acute Leukemia

      • H. Löffler

      Pages 57-62

   9. Cytologic Diagnosis of Leukemias by Electron Microscopy

      • M. Bessis

      Pages 63-70

   10. Electron Microscopic Aspects of Cells in the Four Subvarieties of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

       • M. Paintrand, D. Dantchev, G. Mathé

       Pages 71-75

   11. Observations on the Kinetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Relation to its Division into Subvarieties

       • F. Gavosto

       Pages 76-79

   12. Cytokinetic Studies and Treatment Response in Adult Acute Leukemia

       • E. Frei, Jacqueline S. Hart

       Pages 81-87

   13. Contribution of Cultures in Agar to the Classification of Acute Leukemias: Preliminary Results

       • P. Pouillart

       Pages 88-91

   14. The Heterogeneity of Cell Culture Findings in Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

       • D. H. Cowan, H. A. Messner, J. S. Senn, E. A. McCulloch

       Pages 92-96

   15. Biochemical Techniques for Classification of Leukemic Cell Types

       • T. C. Hall, D. Kessel, A. Nahas, B. Hacker

       Pages 97-104

   16. Conclusions of the Working Session on Nomenclature and Classification

       • S. Perry

       Pages 105-106

4. Methodology of Clinical Trials

   1. Introduction to Methodology of Clinical Trials in the Varieties of Acute Leukemia; Defining the Numerator and Denominator in Leukemic Trials

      • S. K. Carter

      Pages 107-109

   2. Criteria for Short-Term Results in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia

      • G. Mathé, R. Weiner

      Pages 110-112

Scientific and Ethical Discipline in Clinical Trials on Acute Leukemia G. MATHE Institut de Cancerologie ct d'Immunogenetique "', Hi'ipital Paul-Brousse "."", Villejuif/France Clinical research is still in an evolutionary stage. Although scientific technology was readily accepted and applied, scientific methodology has been accepted much more slowly and is very rarely properly applied. There are three reasons why this is so. First, medical ethics frequently limits the applicability of clinical research, for doctors have to be more than scientists. They must also remain moral philosophers, as they were before medicine became a science. Second, the heterogeneity of the material on which clinical researchers work in studying human diseases makes the application of scientific methodology difficult. Third, researchers must publish. This means that they must obtain publishable results, and too often this means results in accordance with established concepts, easily accepted by the editors of established journals, which are read by the establishment. It is the privilege of too many people to be able to accept "truth" and recipes from other people and confirm their truth and results. It is the mission of a very few others to accept nothing as "truth" and to consider no recipe ideal, either in concept or detail.

• Leukemias
• clinical trial
• diseases
• leukemia
• medicine
• nomenclature

• Institut de Cancèrologie et d’Immunogènètique, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France

  G. Mathé, P. Pouillart

• Unité Fred-Siguieur de Dévelopment Therapeutique, Institut de Cancérologie et d’Immunogénétique, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France

  L. Schwarzenberg

Policies and ethics