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Epidemiological Practices in Research on Small Effects

  • Conference proceedings
  • © 1998

Overview

Editors:
  1. Hans Hoffmeister

    1. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany

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  2. Moyses Szklo

    1. School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

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    You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

  3. Michael Thamm

    1. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany

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Table of contents (20 papers)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-viii
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  2. Small effects as a main problem in epidemiology

    • Hans Hoffmeister
    Pages 1-4

  3. Obstacles in evaluating small effects

    • Moyses Szklo
    Pages 5-6

  4. Towards good epidemiological practices

    • Ernest L. Wynder
    Pages 7-16

  5. Problems in detecting small effects in case-control and cohort studies

    • Daan Kromhout
    Pages 17-23

  6. Proposals and recommendations concerning small effects in case-control and cohort studies

    • Karl Überla
    Pages 25-29

  7. Comments on problems with small effects in case-control and cohort studies

    • Knut Westlund
    Pages 31-31

  8. Small effects and the selection of study participants in case-control and cohort studies

    • Haroutune K. Armenian
    Pages 33-37

  9. Commentary on small effects and the selection of study participants in case-control and cohort studies

    • Walter W. Holland
    Pages 39-43

  10. Confounding: Its role in weak associations

    • Genevieve Matanoski
    Pages 45-54

  11. Commentary on confounding: Examples of its influence in weak associations

    • Kunio Aoki
    Pages 55-58

  12. Bias in observational studies

    • Hans Hoffmeister
    Pages 59-69

  13. Research strategies for assessing epidemiolgic associations, in relation to the distribution and measurement of exposures

    • Ross L. Prentice
    Pages 71-79

  14. Commentary on “Bias in observational studies”

    • Manning Feinleib
    Pages 81-86

  15. Small effects: Subgroup analysis and interaction

    • Anders Ahlbom
    Pages 87-91

  16. Enhancing Small Risks in Epidemiologic Studies

    • Lenore Kohlmeier
    Pages 93-97

  17. Is meta-analysis a valid approach to the evaluation of small effects?

    • Samuel Shapiro
    Pages 99-112

  18. Commentary on meta-analysis

    • Steven Goodman
    Pages 113-118

  19. Discussion remarks on meta-analysis

    • Colin Begg
    Pages 119-120

  20. Publication bias

    • Kay Dickersin
    Pages 121-126
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Keywords

About this book

Epidemiology faces its limits: the search for subtle links between diet, lifestyle, or environmental factors and disease is an unending source of fear - but often yields little certainty. Studies on weak associations - or small effects - often produce contradictory results which confuse the public. In this book, numerous contributions and illustrated examples show the effects of this problem, and sets out how future research should be approached in order to minimize the problems, thus producing clear results of significance.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany

    Hans Hoffmeister, Michael Thamm

  • School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

    Moyses Szklo

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