Fragrances

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVIII

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2. The Basics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Art of Creating a Perfume

      • U. Harder

      Pages 3-5

   3. Cerebral Representation of Odour Perception

      • G. Kobal, B. Kettenmann

      Pages 6-18

3. Beneficial Biological Effects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 19-19

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   2. The Structure, Origin and Function of Human Axillary Odours

      • G. Preti, A. I. Spielman, J. J. Leyden

      Pages 21-27

   3. Communication by Odour — The Influence of Body Odour on the Attractiveness of Men

      • R. E. Maiworm, W. U. Langthaler

      Pages 28-35

   4. Orientation of Insects in a Multitrophic System: The Role of Fragrances

      • P. Christiansen-Weniger, N. Siri, S. G. Micha

      Pages 36-42

   5. Chemical Signals During Raids by the Robber Bee Lestrimelitta limao on Other Stingless Bee Nests (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae)

      • R. Radtke

      Pages 43-46

4. Adverse Effects in Humans

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 47-47

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   2. Molecular Aspects of Fragrance Sensitisation

      • J. P. Lepoittevin, V. Mutterer

      Pages 49-56

   3. Identification of Fragrance Sensitizers by QSAR

      • J. J. Hostýnek, P. S. Magee, H. I. Maibach

      Pages 57-65

   4. Fragrances as a Cause of Contact Dermatitis in Cosmetics: Clinical Aspects and Epidemiological Data

      • A. C. De Groot, P. J. Frosch

      Pages 66-75

   5. How Do We Test for Fragrance Allergy?

      • W. G. Larsen

      Pages 76-82

   6. Fragrance Hypersensitivity and Its Control

      • Hideo Nakayama

      Pages 83-91

   7. Are Major Components of Fragrances a Problem?

      • P. J. Frosch

      Pages 92-99

   8. Quantitative Aspects in Patch Testing and Usage Tests

      • J. D. Johansen

      Pages 100-105

   9. d-Limonene — An Old Perfume Ingredient Introduced as a “Natural” Solvent in Industry: Is There a Risk of Sensitization?

      • A.-T. Karlberg

      Pages 106-112

   10. Contents of Sensitizing Fragrance Materials in Natural Ingredient Based Cosmetics

       • S. C. Rastogi

       Pages 113-120

   11. RIFM Activities in the Safety Assessment of Systemic Effects of Fragrance Materials

       • E. A. Pfitzer

       Pages 121-124

Aromas are an integral part of our civilised society. They are not only used in fine perfumes, but also in numerous other articles with which we have daily contact. Another new development has been the agricultural use of aromas as a "biological weapon" to combat insects and other pests. In the field of dermatology, aromas are today among the most frequent sensitizers and may trigger allergic contact eczemas. This volume presents numerous aspects of the topic for the first time in comprehensive form. In an introduction, the chemistry of frequently used aroma components is described, together with the art of perfume composition that has been refined over the centuries. In a chapter on neuropharmacology, the mechanisms of scent recognition are described in detail.

• Dermatitis
• allergy
• contact dermatitis
• cosmetics
• dermatology
• skin

• Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, Hautklinik and Department of Dermatology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Dortmund, Germany

  Peter J. Frosch

• Gentofte Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

  Jeanne Duus Johansen

• St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, England

  Ian R. White

Policies and ethics