Central Nervous System Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XV

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2. Monitoring of the Electroencephalogram — Fundamentals

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Interactions of Anesthetics at Different Levels of the Central Nervous System

      • B. W. Urban

      Pages 3-18

   3. Principles of Central Nervous System Monitoring in Humans

      • R.-D. Treede

      Pages 19-26

3. Techniques and Applications of Electroencephalogram — Monitoring

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 27-27

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   2. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Relevant to Cerebral Monitoring

      • H. J. M. Lemmens

      Pages 29-35

   3. Electroencephalographic Feedback Control of Anesthetic Drug Administration

      • H. Schwilden

      Pages 36-55

   4. The Use of Processed EEG in the Operating Room

      • M. J. Bloom

      Pages 56-68

   5. Bispectral Electroencephalogram Analysis for Monitoring Anesthetic Adequacy

      • J. M. Vernon, P. S. Sebel, S. M. Bowles, N. Chamoun, V. Saini

      Pages 69-77

   6. Does Spectral Edge Frequency Assess Depth of Anesthesia?

      • G. M. Gurman

      Pages 78-90

   7. “Paradoxical Arousal” During Isoflurane/Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia: Quantitative Topographical EEG Analysis

      • P. Bischoff, E. Kochs, J. Schulte am Esch

      Pages 91-102

   8. Central Nervous System Monitoring; Reduction of Information Content of Quantitative Electroencephalograms for Continuous On-Line Display During Anesthesia

      • W. Dimpfel, H.-C. Hofmann

      Pages 103-111

4. Monitoring of Stimulus Evoked Responses

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 113-113

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   2. Central Evoked Brain Potentials as Overall Control of Afferent Systems

      • B. Bromm

      Pages 115-126

   3. Indication for Evoked Potential Monitoring: A Surgical View

      • J. Zentner, J. Schramm

      Pages 127-145

   4. Anesthesia and Somatosensory Evoked Responses

      • E. Kochs, P. Bischoff

      Pages 146-175

   5. Peri-operative Anesthesiological Monitoring of Auditory-Evoked Potentials

      • C. Thornton, P. Creagh-Barry, D. E. F. Newton

      Pages 176-186

   6. The 40-Hz Auditory Steady State Response for Monitoring Level of Consciousness: Methodological Considerations

      • C. Villemure, G. Plourde, P. April

      Pages 187-197

   7. Motor-Evoked Potentials

      • C. J. Kalkman

      Pages 198-211

5. Evoked Response: Special Applications

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 213-213

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Research in electrophysiologic monitoring in anesthesia and intensive care has focussed mostly on questions pertinent for patient care: First how to quantitate drug effects on brain electrical activity and the degree of anesthetic-induced suppression of the central nervous system. Second, how to monitor functional impairment following cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. And third, how to differ­ entiate between drug-induced effects on the central nervous system and deleteri­ ous events related to reductions in cerebral blood flow and/or oxygen delivery. Even though progress has been achieved over the last 10 years in this field and fascinating new techniques have been developed, it is still not clear which monitor parameter will provide adequate information on the depth of anes­ thesia and the analgesic level. Because the central nervous system has been one of the main research areas in our department over the last 10 years, we organized a workshop to summarize the latest developments in central nervous system monitoring. This book comprises the topics of this workshop and is intended to provide insight into the current status of central nervous system monitoring, elucidating possible indications and delineating its limitations.

• Electroencephalography
• Evoked responses
• Monitoring
• auditory
• care
• central nervous system
• doppler sonography
• expert system
• intensive care
• magnetic transcranial
• somatosensory
• surgery

• Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

  J. Schulte am Esch, E. Kochs

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