Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-v

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2. Introduction Elucidating Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Genetic Expression by Studying Animal Viruses

   • Aaron J. Shatkin

   Pages 1-4

3. Regulation of Viral Transcription and DNA Replication by the SV40 Large T Antigen

   • Robert Tjian

   Pages 5-24

4. Transcriptional Control Regions: Nucleotide Sequence Requirements for Initiation by RNA Polymerase II and III

   • Thomas Shenk

   Pages 25-46

5. Splicing and the Regulation of Viral Gene Expression

   • S. J. Flint

   Pages 47-79

6. Mechanism of mRNA Recognition by Eukaryotic Ribosomes During Initiation of Protein Synthesis

   • Marilyn Kozak

   Pages 81-123

7. Priming of Influenza Viral RNA Transcription by Capped Heterologous RNAs

   • Robert M. Krug

   Pages 125-149

8. Origin and Replication of Defective Interfering Particles

   • Jacques Perrault

   Pages 151-207

9. Back Matter

   Pages 209-214

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Elucidating Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Genetic Expression by Studying Animal Viruses AARON 1. SHATIGN* Eukaryotic genetic expression is carefully regulated. Normal cell growth and division, tis­ sue differentiation, and organism development all depend on a strictly ordered progres­ sion of specific events. Perturbation of the control of these processes, for example by ex­ posure to harmful chemicals or infection with viruses leads to aberrant forms of meta­ bolism, often resulting in malignancies and cell death. One of the most challenging problems in biology is to derme at the molecular level the mechanisms that govern gene function in higher organisms, including ultimately man. This goal serves to unify the diverse efforts of many investigators, whether studying the precise patterns of embryo­ genesis, the loss of control that occurs during neoplastic growth or the redirection of biosynthetic pathways in virus-infected cells. Recently there has been remarkable and exciting progress toward understanding the molecular biology of eukaryotic expression. Much of this rapidly increasing new infor­ mation has come from studies of animal virus systems. Just as investigations of the relatively simple, rapidly assayed, and easily manipulated bacteriophages lead to basic discoveries about prokaryotic cells, analyses of animal viruses and their interactions with host cells have provided fundamental information about how eukaryotic nucleic acids are organized for regulated replication, transcription, and translation. For example, the small genome of SV , like cellular DNA in chromatin, is associated with histones to 40 form nucleosomal arrays (Griffin 1975).

• DNA
• Signals
• cell
• gene
• gene expression
• genes
• infection
• molecular biology
• transcription
• translation
• virus

• Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, USA

  Aaron J. Shatkin

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