Nitrates III

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXI

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2. Basic Action of Nitrates

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Pharmacology of Nitrates in Relation to Antianginal Action

      • M. M. Winbury

      Pages 2-11

   3. Pharmacokinetics — Pharmacodynamics and the Bioavailability of Organic Nitrate Drug Products

      • V. F. Smolen

      Pages 12-22

   4. Fate of Isosorbide Mononitrates in Man

      • M. G. Bogaert, M. T. Rosseel, O. Teirlynck

      Pages 23-26

   5. Tolerance to Circulatory and Clinical Effects of Nitrates

      • J. O. Parker, U. Thadani

      Pages 27-36

   6. Panel Discussion

      • P. R. Lichtlen, H.-J. Engel, A. Schrey, H. J. C. Swan

      Pages 37-38

3. Pharmacodynamics and Kinetics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 39-39

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   2. Pharmacokinetics of Isosorbide Dinitrate in Human Subjects

      • T. Taylor, L. F. Chasseaud

      Pages 40-46

   3. Pharmacokinetics of Isosorbide Mononitrates in Human Subjects

      • L. F. Chasseaud, T. Taylor

      Pages 47-53

   4. Comparative Haemodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Investigations After Oral Isosorbide-2-mononitrate and Isosorbide-5-mononitrate

      • F. Seidel, D. Michel

      Pages 54-60

   5. Newer Methods of Administration of Nitrates to Man to Give a More Predictable Therapeutic Response

      • A. H. Beckett

      Pages 61-65

   6. Plasma Concentrations and Hemodynamic Effects of Percutaneously Administered Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide Dinitrate in Healthy Volunteers

      • P. R. Imhof, B. Ott, A. Weiss, L.-C. Chu, L. F. Chasseaud

      Pages 66-74

   7. Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of Isosorbide Dinitrate, Sustained-Release Form, in Patients with Angina Pectoris

      • W. Rudolph, R. Blasini, K.-L. Froer, U. Bruegmann, A. Mannes, D. Hall

      Pages 75-81

   8. May Prolonged High Doses of Nitrates Cause Tolerance? Preliminary Results on the Response to an Additional Dose by Infusion

      • A. Distante, A. L’Abbate, C. Palombo, C. Michelassi, D. Rovai, M. A. Morales et al.

      Pages 82-90

   9. A New Topical Drug Delivery System for Nitroglycerin

      • B. Pitt, H. Colfer, A. Keith, P. Stetson, J. Walton, J. Brymer et al.

      Pages 91-94

   10. Echocardiographic Assessment of Different Doses of Oral Isosorbide Dinitrate in Patients with and without Heart Failure: Increase in Response with Dose

       • S. Baligadoo, J. P. Denizeau, P. Bitan, P. Chiche

       Pages 95-99

   11. Unchanged Efficacy of Acute Sublingual Nitrate Compounds During Long-term Treatment with Percutaneously Applied Isosorbide Dinitrate Ointment

       • D. Brunner, J. Weisbord, N. Meshulam, S. Margulis

       Pages 100-109

   12. Induction and Inhibition of Organic Nitrate Metabolism

       • W. H. Down, L. F. Chasseaud, S. A. Ballard

       Pages 110-116

   13. Digital Pulse Plethysmography: a Sensitive Test of the Pharmacodynamics of Nitrates — Reproducibility and Quantitation of the Technique

       • A. Schinz, A. Gottsauner, K. Schnelle

       Pages 117-122

Pharmacological and clinical research on nitrates continues to be of growing interest in many centers. This is surprising in view of the fact that their favorable effects in angina pectoris were described by Brunton and by Murrell in the Lancet more than 100 years ago. As expected, a host of new information has been collected since the two previous symposia on nitrates held in Stockholm in 1975 and Berlin in 1978. New insights were gained into the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nitrates, as well as into their clinical effects in acute and chronic ischemic heart diseases and in severe congestive heart failure. Relatively little progress, however, was observed in research into the basic action of nitrates. Although most investigators agree that intracellular sequestration of calcium is probably the main mechanism by which nitrates lead to the reduction of vascular smooth muscle tone, the exact site of their action still remains undefined. In contrast, dose-dependent differences in venous and arteriolar tone have long been clearly established. Treatment was again in the main stream of discussion. The question of tolerance following long-term administration was discussed in depth and the term "pseudotolerance" was introduced to describe the adaptation of the body's circulatory system to chronic vasodilation. This is especially important in long term prophylactic antiischemic treatment in stable, as well as in unstable angina pectoris (i.e. during increased vasomotor tone - spasm).

• Herz-Kreislauf-System
• Nitrat
• Nitrates
• angina pectoris
• calcium
• circulation
• clinical research
• heart
• kinetics
• lead
• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacokinetics
• research

• Abteilung für Kardiologie, Med. Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 61, Germany

  P. R. Lichtlen

• Zentralkrankenhaus „Links der Weser“, Bremen 61, Germany

  H.-J. Engel

• Pharma-Schwarz GmbH, Monheim, Germany

  A. Schrey

• Dept. of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA

  H. J. C. Swan

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