Applied Toxicology: Approaches Through Basic Science

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-IX

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2. The Gerhard Zbinden Memorial Lecture

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Genetic Polymorphism of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes. Implications for Toxicity of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics

      • Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg

      Pages 3-13

3. Detection of Chemically-Induced Changes in P53 Expression

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 15-15

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   2. Looking at p53: Theoretical Implications and Methodological Aspects

      • Bertram Opalka, Sabine Kasimir-Bauer

      Pages 17-28

4. Norman Aldridge Memorial Symposium

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 29-29

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   2. Toxicologists versus Toxicological Disasters: Toxic Oil Syndrome, Clinical Aspects

      • A. Gómez de la Cámara, I. Abaitua Borda, M. Posada de la Paz

      Pages 31-40

   3. Epidemiology of the Toxic Oil Syndrome

      • Rossanne M. Philen, Manuel Posada de la Paz, Robert H. Hill, Helen H. Schurz, Ignacio Abaitua Borda, Agustín Gómez de la Cámara et al.

      Pages 41-52

   4. Analytical Measurements of Products of Aniline and Triglycerides in Oil Samples Associated with the Toxic Oil Syndrome

      • Helen H. Schurz, Robert H. Hill, Rossanne M. Philen, Manuel Posada de la Paz, Ignacio Abaitua Borda, Edwin M. Kilbourne et al.

      Pages 53-64

   5. Immunological Aspects of the Toxic Oil Syndrome

      • Carlos Lahoz, Victoria del Pozo, Soledad Gallardo, Blanca Cárdaba, Aurora Jurado, Isabel Cortegano et al.

      Pages 65-73

5. Altered Gene Expression and Immunotoxicity

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 75-75

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   2. Regulation and Mechanisms of Apoptosis in T Lymphocytes

      • Diels J. van den Dobbelsteen, C. Stefan I. Nobel, Andrew F. G. Slater, Sten Orrenius

      Pages 77-85

   3. Immunoregulatory Genes and Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids

      • Nathalie Auphan, Joseph A. Didonato, Arno Helmberg, Caridad Rosette, Michael Karin

      Pages 87-95

   4. Molecular Aspects of UVB-lnduced Immunosuppression

      • Johan Garssen, Rob J. Vandebriel, Henk van Loveren

      Pages 97-109

6. The Use of Ecotoxicology and Human Toxicology in the Regulation of Chemical Safety in the European Union

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 111-111

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   2. Options for the Regulation and Control of the Environmental Impact and Human Health Consequences of Chemicals in the European Union

      • Robin Mason

      Pages 113-122

   3. The Identification of Thresholds of Acceptability and Danger: The Chemical Presence Route

      • Michael Matthies, Frank Koormann, Geert Boeije, Tom CJ Feijtel

      Pages 123-135

   4. The Identification of Thresholds of Acceptability and Danger: The Biological Route

      • Jose V. Tarazona

      Pages 137-146

   5. The Precautionary Principle and Science-based Limits in Regulatory Toxicology: The Human Experience, Individual Protection

      • D. M. Pugh

      Pages 147-154

   6. The Environmental Experience: Ecosystem Protection

      • Finn Bro-Rasmussen

      Pages 155-166

Ultraviolet radiation, a component of sunlight, has been recognized by photobiologists, dermatologists, and oculists as a potential hazard for human health because of its genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties. Its effects on human health include the induction of skin cancers, ocular damage and impairment of immunity to certain infections. A few decennia ago it was demonstrated that UV photons can affect the activity of the immune system through interactions with the skin. This means that UV not only changes normal cells into cancer cells but also permits the outgrowth of the UV -transformed cells by depressing the immune system. An intriguing question is what interactions between UV radiation and the skin initiates alterations in immune function in the exposed skin and systemically, i. e. in other places than the exposed skin. During the last 20 years many studies have been performed in order to investigate the immunosuppressive activities of UVB in laboratory animals and in human volunteers. In particular effects of UVB radiation on resistance to tumours and skin associated infections have been examined. In addition, effects of UVB radiation on immune parameters such as contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity (both type IV hypersensitivity reactions), mixed lymphocyte reactions, mixed skin lymphocyte reactions, antigen presentation and numbers and function of Langerhans cells have been studied intensively. The antigenicity of murine tumours which are caused by UVB radiation was one of the first items to be investigated (Kripke, 1974).

• Immuntoxikologie
• Mechanismen der Toxizität
• Toxisches Öl-Syndrom
• apoptosis
• ecotoxicology
• enzymes
• gene expression
• immunotoxicology
• mechanisms of toxicity
• neurotoxicity
• toxic oil syndrome
• transgene Tiere
• transgenic animals
• Ökotoxikologie

• Interkantonale Kontrollstelle für Heilmittel, Switzerland

  Jürg P. Seiler

• Dept. of Neurochemistry Campus San Juan, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain

  Eugenio Vilanova

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