Viral Proteins Counteracting Host Defenses

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XI

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2. Strategies for the Identification and Analysis of Viral Immune-Evasive Genes — Cytomegalovirus as an Example

   • A. Gutermann, A. Bubeck, M. Wagner, U. Reusch, C. Ménard, U. H. Koszinowski

   Pages 1-22

3. Avoiding Proteasomal Processing: The Case of EBNA1

   • N. P. Dantuma, A. Sharipo, M. G. Masucci

   Pages 23-36

4. The HCMV Gene Products US2 and US11 Target MHC Class I Molecules for Degradation in the Cytosol

   • F. J. van der Wal, M. Kikkert, E. Wiertz

   Pages 37-55

5. Corking the Bottleneck: The Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing as a Target for Immune Subversion by Viruses

   • F. Momburg, H. Hengel

   Pages 57-74

6. Herpes Viral Proteins Manipulating the Peptide Transporter TAP

   • E. Reits, A. Griekspoor, J. Neefjes

   Pages 75-83

7. Herpes Viral Proteins Blocking the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing TAP — From Genes to Function and Structure

   • D. Bauer, R. Tampé

   Pages 85-99

8. Inhibition of the MHC Class II Antigen Presentation Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus

   • D. C. Johnson, N. R. Hegde

   Pages 101-115

9. Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cells During Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

   • V. M. Braud, P. Tomasec, G. W. G. Wilkinson

   Pages 117-129

10. Function of CMV-Encoded MHC Class I Homologues

    • H. E. Farrell, N. J. Davis-Poynter, D. M. Andrews, M. A. Degli-Esposti

    Pages 131-151

11. Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibition of Major Histocompatibility Complex Transcription and Interferon Signal Transduction

    • D. M. Miller, C. M. Cebulla, D. D. Sedmak

    Pages 153-170

12. Counteraction of Interferon-Induced Antiviral Responses by Herpes Simplex Viruses

    • D. A. Leib

    Pages 171-185

13. Immune Evasion Strategies of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

    • R. E. Means, J. K. Choi, H. Nakamura, Y. H. Chung, S. Ishido, J. U. Jung

    Pages 187-201

14. Viral Chemokine Receptors and Chemokines in Human Cytomegalovirus Trafficking and Interaction with the Immune System

    • P. S. Beisser, C.-S. Goh, F. E. Cohen, S. Michelson

    Pages 203-234

15. Fatal Attraction: Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Chemokine Homologs

    • N. Saederup, E. S. Mocarski Jr

    Pages 235-256

16. Herpesviral Proteins Regulating Apoptosis

    • T. Derfuss, E. Meinl

    Pages 257-272

17. Subversion of Host Defense Mechanisms by Adenoviruses

    • H.-G. Burgert, Z. Ruzsics, S. Obermeier, A. Hilgendorf, M. Windheim, A. Elsing

    Pages 273-318

18. Back Matter

    Pages 319-328

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Since the first observations of viral interference with antigen presentation in the MHC class-I pathway, the field has advanced to a detailed analysis. We know numerous genes and for some of them we have profound information on their mechanistic function. The antigen presentation pathway is affected at all stages starting from proteasomal degradation of an antigenic viral protein, as shown for EBV, transfer of the proteasomal cleavage products as peptides in the ER by specific transporters, the loading of the nascent MHC class-I molecule, and finally the transport of the complex to the surface and presentation in a normal or deranged form. All these different steps of the MHC class-I antigen presentation pathway are targets for viral proteins. Not only MHC class-I but also MHC class-II proteins are a target of viral influence either by direct downregulation and degradation of proteins or by interference of signal transduction pathways.

• Antigen processing
• Chemokine
• antigen
• antigen presentation
• antiviral response
• apoptosis
• cytomegalovirus
• gene
• histocompatibility
• immune system
• infection
• interferon
• protein
• proteins
• virus

• Max von Pettenkofer Institute, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

  Ulrich H. Koszinowski

• Robert Koch-Institut, Fachgebiet 1.2 Virale Infektionen, Berlin, Germany

  Hartmut Hengel

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