The Gas Exchangers

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XX

   PDF

2. Perspectives on Life and Respiration: How, When, and Wherefore

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 1-51

3. Essence of the Designs of Gas Exchangers — the Imperative Concepts

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 53-147

4. Gas Exchange Media, Respiratory States, and Environments

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 149-180

5. Water Breathing: the Inaugural Respiratory Process

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 181-215

6. Bimodal Breathing: Compromise Respiration

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 217-262

7. Air Breathing: the Elite Respiration

   • John N. Maina

   Pages 263-359

8. Back Matter

   Pages 361-498

   PDF

"Amongst animals, diversity of form and of environmental circumstances have given rise to a multitude of different adap­ tations subserving the relatively unified patterns of cellular metabolism. Nowhere else is this state of affairs better exem­ plified than in the realm of respiration". Jones (1972). The field of comparative respiratory biology is expanding almost exponentially. With the ever-improving analytical tools and methods of experimentation, its scope is blossoming to fascinating horizons. The innovativeness and productivity in the area continue to confound students as well as specialists. The increasing wealth of data makes it possible to broaden the information base and meaning­ fully synthesize, rationalize, reconcile, redefine, consolidate, and offer empirical validation of some of the earlier anecdotal views and interpretations, helping resolve the issues into adequately realistic and easily perceptible models. Occa­ sional reflections on the advances made, as well as on the yet unresolved prob­ lems, helps chart out new grounds, formulate new concepts, and stimulate inquiry. Moreover, timely assessments help minimize isolation among investiga­ tors, averting costly duplication of effort. This exposition focuses on the diversity of the design of the gas exchangers and gives a critical appraisal of the plausible or constrained the evolvement of respiration. The factors that have motivated cause-and-effect relationship between the phylogenetic, developmental, and en­ vironmental factors, conditions, and states which at various thresholds and under certain backgrounds conspired in molding the gas exchangers is argued.

• Anatomie
• Anpassung
• Atmung
• Colon
• Gasaustausch
• Sauerstoff
• adaption
• anatomy
• evolution
• gas exchanger
• metabolism
• oxygen
• respiration

• Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

  John N. Maina

• Faculty of Health Sciences Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, The University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

  John N. Maina

Policies and ethics