Are Policy Variables Exogenous?

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

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2. Introduction

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 1-15

3. A Paradigmatic Example

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 16-42

4. Econometric Implications

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 43-71

5. Simulation

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 72-110

6. Tests for Exogeneity

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 111-126

7. Summary, Directions for Future Research

   • Balazs Horvath

   Pages 127-132

8. Back Matter

   Pages 133-164

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1. 1 Motivation and Definition of Topic To provide motivation and to help define the topic of this study, important links between specific areas of economic theory are first highlighted. (i) Learning and Rational Expectations Theory In a standard rational expectations setting, agents in equilibrium have all the information about the model that enables them to correctly forecast future payoff-relevant variables. What rational expectations theory in its standard form does not tell us is what happens outside a rational expectations equilibrium. Less than complete knowledge of the model is a possible way to represent a situation outside the rational expectations equilibrium. It is natural to assume that agents recognize error and optimally utilize all available external information to improve on their information level, i. e. learn. Based on the information acquired by learning they modify their behavior. Under certain conditions learning steers the economy to the rational expectations equilibrium (Spear (1989), Blume, Bray and Easley (1982), Townsend (1983». This literature shows that learning is a possible mechanism to acquire the necessary level of information that agents are assumed to possess in a rational expectations equilibrium and hence there is a clear link between rational expectations theory and the 2 theory of learning. This fact is also emphasized among others by Friedman (1975), Pesaran (1987) and DeCanio (1979). (ii) Rational Expectations and Econometrics The equilibrium consequences of the rational expectations hypothesis are discussed in a considerable body of literature - cf.

• Bayesian Learning
• Bayesianische Lerntheorie
• Econometric Exogeneity
• Lerntheorie
• Simulation
• Ökonometrie

• International Monetary Fund, USA

  Balazs Horvath

• KOPINT-DATORG, Budapest, Hungary

  Balazs Horvath

Policies and ethics