The Bioclimatology of Frost

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVII

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 1-4

3. The Occurrence of Frost: Types, Distribution and Prediction

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 5-12

4. Micro-Scale Processes

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 13-31

5. Meso-Scale Processes

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 32-43

6. Regional Scale Frost Risk Mapping

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 44-60

7. Remote Sensing for Frost Risk Mapping and Frost Prediction

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 61-65

8. Biological and Phenological Aspects of the Relationship Between Low Temperature, Plant Growth and Crop Development

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 66-72

9. Weather and Winterkill of Wheat: A Case Study

   • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

   Pages 73-82

10. Direct, Active Methods of Frost Protection

    • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

    Pages 83-98

11. A Model to Predict Required Rates of Water Application in Overhead Sprinkler Irrigation

    • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

    Pages 99-108

12. Indirect, Passive Methods of Frost Protection

    • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

    Pages 109-119

13. Concluding Remarks

    • Jetse D. Kalma, Gregory P. Laughlin, Joseph M. Caprio, Paul J. C. Hamer

    Pages 120-122

14. Back Matter

    Pages 123-144

    PDF

The economic costs of frosts in agriculture and horticulture in many parts of the world can be very significant. Reports in the media include accounts on how frosts have devastated coffee crops in Brazil or in Papua New Guinea, and how frosts have seriously damaged the Florida citrus industry. Frost may cause losses in current harvests or a decline in future yields through more permanent damage to trees and bushes. Damaging frosts may occur as infrequent, short-term events with sub-zero temperatures or with unusually severe winter temperatures which extend over long periods. In this book we have aimed at providing a comprehensive review of recent advances in the area of frost research. The stimulus for writing this book has come from the recognition that there is a shortage of recent texts which deal exclusively with the bioclimatology of frost. Bioclimatology deals with the relations between climate and life and the present text is particularly concerned with the effects of low temperatures on plants. Our purpose has been to assist researchers, engineers, extension officers and students in understanding the physical aspects of frost occurrence and frost distribution as well as the biological and phenological aspects of frost damage and to provide an overview of direct and indirect methods of frost pro­ tection and prevention.

• Bioklimatologie
• Frost
• Klima
• Landwirtschaft
• Wetter
• agriculture
• climate
• temperature
• weather
• wheat

• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Water Resources, Canberra, Australia

  Jetse D. Kalma

• Department of Geography, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

  Gregory P. Laughlin

• Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA

  Joseph M. Caprio

• Information Engineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Silsoe, Bedford, Great Britain

  Paul J. C. Hamer

Policies and ethics