The Pharmacology of Sleep

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXVIII

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2. Evolution of Concepts of Mechanisms of Sleep

   • R. Drucker-Colín, H. Merchant-Nancy

   Pages 1-28

3. Principles of Sleep Regulation: Implications for the Effect of Hypnotics on Sleep

   • A. A. Borbély

   Pages 29-45

4. Principles of Chronopharmacology and the Sleep-Wake Rhythm

   • A. E. Reinberg

   Pages 47-63

5. Pharmacology of the Catecholaminergic System

   • A. Wauquier

   Pages 65-90

6. The Serotoninergic System and Sleep-Wakefulness Regulation

   • J. Adrien

   Pages 91-116

7. Pharmacology of the Histaminergic System

   • J. M. Monti

   Pages 117-142

8. Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System

   • G. Tononi, O. Pompeiano

   Pages 143-210

9. Pharmacology of the GABAergic/Benzodiazepine System

   • W. E. Müller

   Pages 211-242

10. Pharmacology of the CNS Peptides

    • S. Inoué

    Pages 243-277

11. Hormones and Sleep

    • E. Van Cauter

    Pages 279-306

12. Pharmacology of the Adenosine System

    • M. Radulovacki

    Pages 307-322

13. Methodological Issues in Pharmacological Studies of Sleep

    • E. O. Bixler, A. N. Vgontzas, A. Kales

    Pages 323-343

14. Hypnotic Drugs

    • A. Kales, A. N. Vgontzas, E. O. Bixler

    Pages 345-385

15. Anxiolytic Drugs

    • A. Vela-Bueno

    Pages 387-419

16. Stimulant Drugs

    • Y. Hishikawa

    Pages 421-442

17. Neuroleptics, Antihistamines and Antiparkinsonian Drugs: Effects on Sleep

    • C. R. Soldatos, D. G. Dikeos

    Pages 443-464

18. Antidepressant and Antimanic Drugs

    • R. Fritsch Montero, D. Riemann, M. Berger

    Pages 465-490

19. Anticonvulsant Drugs

    • A. Baruzzi, F. Albani, R. Riva, E. Sforza, E. Lugaresi

    Pages 491-502

20. Mechanisms of Benzodiazepine Drug Dependence

    • A. N. Vgontzas, A. Kales

    Pages 503-536

The last four decades have witnessed considerable advances in our knowledge of the pharmacology of sleep. Both basic and clinical pharmacology have made major contributions toward our current understanding of the complex mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness. In addition, these advances in our understanding of the pharmacology of sleep have benefited the treatment of sleep disorders and various neurologic and psychiatric conditions. This volume is organized into three different parts. The first is a review of the basic mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness and the chronobiology of sleep. The second part reviews the basic pharmacology of the various neuro­ transmitter systems involved in sleep and wakefulness, while the third is clinically oriented and focuses on the effects of a variety of drugs on sleep and wakefulness. The initial part begins with a historical review of the hypotheses of the mechanisms of sleep, evolving from passive to active regulation, and concepts involving sleep-related neurotransmitters and other sleep factors. Then regulation of sleep and wakefulness is discussed in terms of homeostatic, circadian, and ultradian processes. Also discussed is the fact that sleep homeostasis is not disrupted by the administration of hypnotic drugs. This part also reviews time-dependent properties of pharmacologic agents in relation to endogenous biologic rhythms and more specifically to chrono­ pharmacologic changes.

• Deprivation
• Parkinson
• adenosine
• biochemistry
• biosynthesis
• catecholamines
• clonidine
• dopamine
• evolution
• forebrain
• interferon
• neurons
• physiology
• regulation
• thermoregulation

• Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA

  Anthony Kales

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