Quality in Chemical Measurements

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIV

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2. Importance of Analytical Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Industry, Academia and Research Projects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Why do we need Good Results?

      • J. D. Green

      Pages 3-10

   3. The Importance of ‘Good’ Measurements on Industrial Manufacturing Efficiency and Profit

      • D. Rudd

      Pages 11-22

   4. Concepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis

      • P. Radvila

      Pages 23-30

3. Worked Examples of Teaching Analytical Quality Concepts

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 31-31

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   2. Quality Systems for Non-routine and R&D Analytical Work - Accreditation of Non-routine Laboratories

      • W. Steck

      Pages 33-41

   3. Evaluation of Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement

      • M. Rösslein, B. Wampfler

      Pages 43-63

   4. Traceability / Trackability

      • A. Ríos

      Pages 65-77

   5. Validation: an Example

      • W. Wegscheider

      Pages 79-87

   6. Metrology in Chemistry

      • M. Valcárcel

      Pages 89-107

4. Experiments as Tools to Demonstrate Principles of Quality Assurance

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 109-109

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   2. Basic Course Experiments to Demonstrate Validation

      • H. Albus

      Pages 111-119

   3. Basic Course Experiments to Demonstrate Intercomparisons

      • U. Pyell

      Pages 121-128

   4. Assessment of Test Kits in Terms of Time, Cost and Quality

      • P. Houlgate

      Pages 129-141

   5. Estimation of Random Deviations in Analytical Methods using Analysis of Variance

      • E. H. Evans

      Pages 143-147

5. Course Structures, Contents and Experiences

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 149-149

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   2. PT Scheme for Pre-university Students

      • E. Lee

      Pages 151-161

   3. Teaching of the Concept of Valid Analytical Measurement: Integration of Quality Assurance (QA) Issues or Separate QA Courses for Higher Education

      • G. M. Greenway, A. Townshend

      Pages 163-170

   4. Special Requirements for Interlaboratory Proficiency Tests

      • M. Koch

      Pages 171-177

terms of the scatter of the results, e.g. in round-robin tests. In considering the role of AQA in the higher education sector it is necessary to differentiate between the various university activities which include services, research and development and teaching, as follows: • Routine chemical analyses (including ad hoc analyses) performed for external clients and for the university's own measurement campaigns (e.g. investigations of the quality of waste-water and air) requiring full documentation. • Routine chemical analyses carried out for internal clients as a service to research in other Chemistry Departments such as Inorganic, Organic, and Biochemistry. • Chemical analyses performed as part of research and development work not only in Analytical Chemistry but also in other chemical disciplines such as Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. • Chemical analyses carried out within the framework of research projects having pre-eminent goals which are analytically-based (e.g. studies of the temporal and spatial variations in metal-species concentrations in riverwater; determination of the gas composition in a waste incinerator as a function of the operating parameters). These considerations also apply to the whole range of scientific disciplines in which chemical measurements are made, such as Biology, Geology, Medicine, Microbiology, Mineralogy, Ecology, Pharmacy, Toxicology etc.

• Analytical Chemistry
• chemistry
• measurement
• metrology
• proficiency testing
• quality
• quality assurance
• reliability
• uncertainty
• validation
• ecotoxicology

• GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Institut für Physikalische und Chemische Analytik, Geesthacht, Germany

  Bernd Neidhart

• Montanuniversität Leoben, Institut für Allgemeine und Analytische Chemie, Leoben, Austria

  Wolfhard Wegscheider

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