Evolution in Action

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxv

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2. Approaches in Botany

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Rapid Radiations and Neoendemism in the Madagascan Biodiversity Hotspot

      • Harald Schneider, Thomas Janssen, Nadia Byrstiakova, Jochen Heinrichs, Sabine Hennequin, France Rakotondrainibe

      Pages 3-15

   3. Rapid Radiation in the Barley Genus Hordeum (Poaceae) During the Pleistocene in the Americas

      • Frank R. Blattner, Thekla Pleines, Sabine S. Jakob

      Pages 17-33

   4. Studying Adaptive Radiation at the Molecular Level: A Case Study in the Macaronesian Crassulaceae-Sempervivoideae

      • Mike Thiv, Korinna Esfeld, Marcus Koch

      Pages 35-59

   5. Key Innovations Versus Key Opportunities: Identifying Causes of Rapid Radiations in Derived Ferns

      • Harald Schneider, Hans-Peter Kreier, Thomas Janssen, Elisabeth Otto, Haiko Muth, Jochen Heinrichs

      Pages 61-75

   6. Evolution of the Mating System in the Genus Capsella (Brassicaceae)

      • Melanie Paetsch, Sara Mayland-Quellhorst, Herbert Hurka, Barbara Neuffer

      Pages 77-100

   7. Pollinator-Driven Speciation in Sexually Deceptive Orchids of the Genus Ophrys

      • Manfred Ayasse, Julia Gögler, Johannes Stökl

      Pages 101-118

   8. Population Genetics of Speciation and Demographic Inference Under Population Subdivision: Insights from Studies on Wild Tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon)

      • Wolfgang Stephan, Thomas Städler

      Pages 119-135

   9. Genetic Diversity, Evolution and Domestication of Wheat and Barley in the Fertile Crescent

      • Benjamin Kilian, William Martin, Francesco Salamini

      Pages 137-166

3. Host-Plant Interaction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 167-167

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   2. Mechanisms of Speciation in Southeast Asian Ant-Plants of the Genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)

      • Kurt Weising, Daniela Guicking, Christina Fey-Wagner, Tim Kröger-Kilian, Tina Wöhrmann, Wiebke Dorstewitz et al.

      Pages 169-191

   3. Speciation in Obligately Plant-Associated Crematogaster Ants: Host Distribution Rather than Adaption Towards Specific Hosts Drives the Process

      • Heike Feldhaar, Jürgen Gadau, Brigitte Fiala

      Pages 193-213

   4. Radiation, Biological Diversity and Host–Parasite Interactions in Wild Roses, Rust Fungi and Insects

      • Annette Kohnen, Roland Brandl, Roman Fricke, Friederike Gallenmüller, Katrin Klinge, Ines Köhnen et al.

      Pages 215-238

   5. Speciation via Differential Host–Plant Use in the Tephritid Fly Tephritis conura

      • Jes Johannesen, Thorsten Diegisser, Alfred Seitz

      Pages 239-260

4. Approaches in Zoology

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 261-261

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   2. Solar Powered Seaslugs (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca): Incorporation of Photosynthetic Units: A Key Character Enhancing Radiation?

      • Heike Wägele, Michael J. Raupach, Ingo Burghardt, Yvonne Grzymbowski, Katharina Händeler

      Pages 263-282

   3. Are Cuticular Hydrocarbons Involved in Speciation of Fungus-Growing Termites (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae)?

      • Andreas Marten, Manfred Kaib, Roland Brandl

      Pages 283-306

   4. Electric Organ Discharge Divergence Promotes Ecological Speciation in Sympatrically Occurring African Weakly Electric Fish (Campylomormyrus)

      • Ralph Tiedemann, Philine G. D. Feulner, Frank Kirschbaum

      Pages 307-321

   5. Ongoing Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversification in Adaptively Radiated Freshwater Crabs from Jamaica

      • Christoph D. Schubart, Tobias Weil, Jesper T. Stenderup, Keith A. Crandall, Tobias Santl

      Pages 323-349

Radiations, or Evolution in Action We have just celebrated the “Darwin Year” with the double anniversary of his 200th birthday and 150th year of his masterpiece, “On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection”. In this work, Darwin established the factual evidence of biological evolution, that species change over time, and that new organisms arise by the splitting of ancestral forms into two or more descendant species. However, above all, Darwin provided the mechanisms by arguing convincingly that it is by natural selection – as well as by sexual selection (as he later added) – that organisms adapt to their environment. The many discoveries since then have essentially con?rmed and strengthened Darwin’s central theses, with latest evidence, for example, from molecular genetics, revealing the evolutionary relationships of all life forms through one shared history of descent from a common ancestor. We have also come a long way to progressively understand more on how new species actually originate, i. e. on speciation which remained Darwin’s “mystery of m- teries”, as noted in one of his earliest transmutation notebooks. Since speciation is the underlying mechanism for radiations, it is the ultimate causation for the biological diversity of life that surrounds us.

• Charles Darwin
• Darwin
• Hotspot
• adaptive Radiation
• biodiversity
• biological
• ecological speciation
• evolution
• key innovations
• non-adaptive radiation
• radiations
• speciations
• the origin

• Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

  Matthias Glaubrecht

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