Advanced Models of Cognition for Medical Training and Practice

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XI

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2. Philosophical Issues: Information Representation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Epistemological Constraints on Medical Knowledge-Based Systems

      • Mario Stefanelli, Marco Ramoni

      Pages 3-20

   3. Abductive Reasoning: Philosophical and Educational Perspectives in Medicine

      • Lorenzo Magnani

      Pages 21-41

   4. The Language of Medicine and the Modeling of Information

      • David A. Evans

      Pages 43-67

3. Artificial Intelligence Issues: Knowledge-Based Systems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 69-69

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   2. AI Meets Decision Science: Emerging Synergies For Decision Support

      • Edward H. Shortliffe

      Pages 71-89

   3. Computational Models of Cased-Based Reasoning for Medicine

      • J. A. Campbell

      Pages 91-100

   4. The Evaluation of Medical Expert Systems

      • Jeremy Wyatt, David Spiegelhalter

      Pages 101-120

4. Technology and Artificial Intelligence Issues: Implementations

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 121-121

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   2. Dynamic Decision-Making in Anesthesiology: Cognitive Models and Training Approaches

      • David M. Gaba

      Pages 123-147

   3. From Expert Systems to Intelligent Tutoring Systems

      • Claude Frasson

      Pages 149-161

   4. Expert Systems in Teaching Electrocardiography

      • Spyridan D. Moulopoulos

      Pages 163-170

   5. Review of Technological Products for Training

      • Gianpaolo Molino

      Pages 171-189

5. Psychological Issues: Medical Cognition

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 191-191

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   2. Cognitive Frameworks for Clinical Reasoning: Application for Training and Practice

      • Vimla L. Patel, Guy J. Groen

      Pages 193-211

   3. Knowledge Application and Transfer for Complex Tasks in Ill-Structured Domains: Implications for Instruction and Testing in Biomedicine

      • Paul J. Feltovich, Richard L. Coulson, Rand J. Spiro, Beth K. Dawson-Saunders

      Pages 213-244

   4. Psychological Modeling of Cognitive Processes in Knowledge Assessment by Experts: Some Convergent Issues with Psychological Modeling in Medical Reasoning

      • Jean Paul Caverni

      Pages 245-254

   5. Models of Cognition and Educational Technologies: Implications for Medical Training

      • Alan Lesgold, Sandra Katz

      Pages 255-264

   6. Encapsulation of Biomedical Knowledge

      • Henk G. Schmidt, Henny P. A. Boshuizen

      Pages 265-282

Cognitive science is a multidisciplinary science concerned with understanding and utilizing models of cognition. It has spawned a great dealof research on applications such as expert systems and intelligent tutoring systems, and has interacted closely with psychological research. However, it is generally accepted that it is difficult to apply cognitive-scientific models to medical training and practice. This book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Italy in 1991, the purpose of which was to examine the impact ofmodels of cognition on medical training and practice and to outline future research programmes relating cognition and education, and in particular to consider the potential impact of cognitive science on medical training and practice. A major discovery presented in the book is that the research areas related to artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and medical decision making are considerably closer, both conceptually and theoretically, than many of the workshop participants originally thought.

• Artificial Intelligence
• Assessment
• Cognition Models
• Knowledge-based Systems
• Medical Training
• Medizinische Ausbildung
• Wissensbasierte Systeme
• cognition
• cognitive psychology
• cognitive science
• expert system
• knowledge
• knowledge-based system
• learning
• modeling

• Laboratory for Computational Linguistics Departments of Philosophy and Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

  David A. Evans

• Cognitive Studies in Medicine, Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  Vimla L. Patel

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