Quarks and Leptons From Orbifolded Superstring

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XI

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2. Introduction and Summary

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 1-11

3. Standard Model and Beyond

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 13-42

4. Orbifolds and Spinors

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 43-69

5. Field Theoretic Orbifolds

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 71-101

6. Quantization of Strings

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 103-147

7. Strings on Orbifolds

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 149-183

8. Partition Function and Spectrum

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 185-202

9. Interactions on Orbifolds

   • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

   Pages 203-234

10. String Orbifold Spectra

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 235-265

11. Orbifold Phenomenology

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 267-308

12. Code Manual and Z3 Tables

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 309-349

13. Calabi–Yau Manifold

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 351-366

14. Other Constructions

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 367-381

15. Elliptic Functions

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 383-385

16. Useful Tables for Model Building

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 387-391

17. Some Algebraic Elements of Lie Groups

    • Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

    Pages 393-398

18. Back Matter

    Pages 399-407

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Using the successful standard model of particle physics but without clear guidance beyond it, it is a di?cult task to write a physics book beyond the standard model from a phenomenological point of view. At present, there is no major convincing inner space related experimental evidence against the standard model. The neutrino oscillation phenomena can be considered part of it by including a singlet ?eld in the spectrum. Only the outer space - servations on matter asymmetry, dark matter, and dark energy hint at the phenomenological need for an extension; however, there has been theoretical need for almost three decades, chie?y because of the gauge hierarchy problem in the standard model. Thus, it seems that going beyond the standard model hinges on the des- ability of resolving the hierarchy problem. At the ?eld theory level, it is fair to say that the hierarchy problem is not as desperate as the nonrenormalizab- ity problem present in the old V–A theory of weak interactions on the road to the standard model. An extension beyond the standard model can easily be ruled out as witnessed in the case of technicolor. However, a consistent framework with supersymmetry for a resolution of the hierarchy problem has been around for a long time. Even its culprit “superstring” has been around for twenty years, and the most remarkable thing about this supersymmetric extension is that it is still alive.

• Lepton
• Quark
• chirality
• compactification
• orbifolds
• superstrings
• supersymmetry

• School of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

  Kang-Sin Choi, Jihn E. Kim

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