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New Toxicology for Old

A Critique of Accepted Requirements and Methodology

  • Conference proceedings
  • © 1982

Overview

Editors:
  1. Claire M. Chambers

    1. Department of Pharmacology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

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    You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

  2. Philip L. Chambers

    1. Department of Pharmacology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    View editor publications

    You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

Part of the book series: Archives of Toxicology (TOXICOLOGY, volume 5)

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Table of contents (72 papers)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages I-X
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  2. Young Scientists Award Lecture 1981: The Identification of an Accumulation System for Diamines and Polyamines Into the Lung and Its Relevance to Paraquat Toxicity

    1. Young Scientists Award Lecture 1981: The Identification of an Accumulation System for Diamines and Polyamines Into the Lung and Its Relevance to Paraquat Toxicity

      • L. L. Smith
      Pages 1-14

  3. Critical Evaluation of Protocols Used in Routine Toxicity Studies

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 15-15
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    2. Assessment of Mammalian Toxicity of Pesticides and Other Industrial Chemicals — Flexible Guidelines or Rigid Protocols?

      • A. D. Martin, D. S. Papworth
      Pages 17-28

    3. Critical Evaluation of the Toxicological Documents Produced for the Authorization of Drugs According to the Commission of the European Communities Directives

      • J.-R. Claude
      Pages 29-32

    4. The EEC Policy in the Hazard Assessment of New Chemicals

      • J. Smeets
      Pages 33-39

    5. Protocols for Routine Toxicity Studies: A Statistician’s View

      • D. O. Chanter
      Pages 40-44

    6. The Council of Europe Approach to Toxicity Testing and Toxicological Evaluation

      • G. Gobinet
      Pages 45-47

    7. Behavioural Teratology: Post-Natal Consequences of Drug Exposure in Utero

      • B. E. Leonard
      Pages 48-58

    8. Toxicity Testing in Relation to Aging

      • K. O’Malley, J. G. Kelly
      Pages 59-63

    9. Perinatal Toxicology: Problems and Hazards

      • D. P. O’Mahony
      Pages 64-66

    10. Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients

      • J. Wieriks
      Pages 67-67

    11. Can the Design of the ‘Routine’ 90 Day Rat Study be Improved?

      • E. Gale, D. Sheppard
      Pages 68-68

  4. Neurotoxicology

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 69-69
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    2. Neurotoxicity of Industrial Chemicals and Contaminants: Aspects of Biochemical Mechanisms and Effects

      • H. Savolainen
      Pages 71-83

    3. Task Dependent Neurobehavioral Effects of Lead in Rats

      • G. Winneke, H. Lilienthal, W. Werner
      Pages 84-93

    4. Quantitative Morphological and Autoradiographical Studies of Neurotoxicological Changes

      • N. H. Diemer
      Pages 94-95

    5. Short-Term Exposure of Human Subjects to m-Xylene and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

      • K. Savolainen, V. Riihimäki, A. Laine, J. Kekoni
      Pages 96-99

    6. Impaired Nerve Function in Rats After Prolonged Exposure to Vinyltoluene

      • Anna Maria Seppäläinen, H. Savolainen
      Pages 100-102

    7. Organic Glue Neuropathies: Epidemiology, Clinical Investigation and Therapy of 100 Cases

      • E. Malizia, S. Borgo, C. Carapella, V. Chiavarelli, A. Russo, V. Gagliardi et al.
      Pages 103-104
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Keywords

About this book

Nervous system is in the most cases a likely target for the untoward effects of chemicals. The harmful consequences affect primarily the individual but may also considerably strain the whole society. The consumption of ethanol is a glaring example (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 1978). As ethanol, many organic liquids have similar immediate effects on the nervous system. The rapidity of the response suggests the involvement of the neuronal communication. The nervous system is also vulnerable to the depletion of oxygen, another common cause for the rapid deterioration of the brain function. It is quite impossible to list all the effects produced by the very large number of the individual chemicals. It would be more fruitful to try to understand the characteristics of the nervous system and the biochemical toxic mechanisms in the evaluation of the neurotoxicity of chemicals. Transfer of Xenobiotics in the Brain The adult central nervous system displays a functional barrier toward the blood-borne chemicals so that water-soluble compounds with an approximate molecular weight above 100 are largely prevented from directly entering the brain (Bradbury 1979). The functional barrier has morphological features typical to it and has a very close association of adjacent capillary cells separated by clefts of 12 A wide (Jacobs 1978). The nervous system capillaries are enveloped by glial cell tongues, and these pericytes contain contractile elements (Le Beux and Willemot 1978a, b) so that the capillaries can be constricted.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Department of Pharmacology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Claire M. Chambers, Philip L. Chambers

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: New Toxicology for Old

  • Book Subtitle: A Critique of Accepted Requirements and Methodology

  • Editors: Claire M. Chambers, Philip L. Chambers

  • Series Title: Archives of Toxicology

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68511-8

  • Publisher: Springer Berlin, Heidelberg

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

  • Copyright Information: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-540-11406-2Published: 01 May 1982

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-642-68511-8Published: 06 December 2012

  • Series ISSN: 0171-9750

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: X, 396

  • Number of Illustrations: 20 b/w illustrations

  • Topics: Pharmacology/Toxicology, Pharmacy

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