One Hundred Years of Zoning and the Future of Cities

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Revisiting the History of Zoning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Split Apart: How Regulations Designated Populations to Different Parts of the City

      • Sonia A. Hirt

      Pages 3-26

   3. North-American Zoning: Real-Estate Regulation—Past, Present and Future

      • Raphaël Fischler

      Pages 27-49

   4. The Missing Link in the Evolution of Zoning

      • Amnon Lehavi

      Pages 51-73

3. The Changing Landscape of Zoning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 75-75

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   2. Rethinking Zoning for People: Utilizing the Concept of the Village

      • Kevin M. Leyden, Lorraine Fitzsimons D’Arcy

      Pages 77-93

   3. Community Benefits Agreements: Flexibility and Inclusion in U.S. Zoning

      • Gerald Korngold

      Pages 95-120

4. Economics of Zoning: A Case-Study Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 121-121

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   2. Zoning in Reunified Berlin

      • Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Wolfgang Maennig, Felix J. Richter

      Pages 123-137

   3. Land Use Regulations and Fertility Rates

      • Daniel Shoag, Lauren Russell

      Pages 139-149

   4. The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union (CETA) and its Impact on Property and Zoning in Germany

      • Fabian Thiel

      Pages 151-173

5. Social and Political Dimensions of Zoning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 175-175

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   2. Checks and Balances in Planning Decentralization: Lessons from Ontario

      • Eran Razin

      Pages 177-199

   3. Revitalizing Land Use Law: The Burdens-Benefits Ratio Principle

      • Ronit Levine-Schnur

      Pages 201-219

6. Back Matter

   Pages 221-223

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This book reconsiders the fundamental principles of zoning and city planning over the course of the past one-hundred years, and the lessons that can be learned for the future of cities. Bringing together the contributions of leading scholars, representing diverse methodologies and academic disciplines, this book studies core questions about the functionality of cities and the goals that should be promoted via zoning and planning. It considers the increasing pace of urbanization and growth of mega cities in both developed and developing countries; changing concepts on the role of mixed-use and density zoning; new policies on inclusionary zoning as a way to facilitate urban justice and social mobility; and the effects of current macrophenomena, such as mass immigration and globalization, on the changing landscape of cities. The book’s twelve chapters are divided into four parts, each addressing different aspects of zoning and planning by combining theoretical analysis with a close observation of diverse case studies from North America and Europe to the Middle East and developing economies. Part I offers a critical analysis of the conventional account of zoning as a top-down form of land-use regulation starting with the 1916 NYC code. Part II studies how contemporary concepts of zoning, both substantive and procedural, impact the built environment across today’s cities. Part III revisits the economic foundations of zoning and urban policy in the context of domestic markets, as compared with the regulatory and market effects of interstate agreements on cross-border real estate investments. Part IV analyzes the dominant, yet often implicit social and political motives that are driving zoning policies across different countries. This volume’s focus on the ties between zoning policy and economics, politics, socioeconomic conditions, and the local-to-global scope of governance will appeal to scholars and students of political science,  economics, law, planning, sustainability, geography, sociology, and architecture, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, especially those in developing countries and transitional and emerging economies.

• zoning
• city planning
• urbanism
• development
• cities

• Radzyner Law School, Gazit-Globe Real Estate Institute, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel

  Amnon Lehavi

Prof. Amnon Lehavi (Yale, J.S.D) is the Atara Kaufman Professor of Real Estate, Radzyner Law School, and Academic Director, Gazit-Globe Real Estate Institute, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya. 
Prof. Lehavi (ed.) is a leading authority on property, real estate, land use controls, international economic law, and law and globalization. He is the author of The Construction of Property: Norms, Institutions, Challenges (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and the editor of Gated Communities (Nevo Press, 2010). Prof. Lehavi has published extensively in top journals, including the Columbia Law Review, Virginia Law Review, Texas Law Review, Georgetown Law Journal, Minnesota Law Review, Law and Social Inquiry, and Yale Journal of International Law. He has won numerous prizes, including the 2007 Tzeltner Award for an outstanding young scholar and the 2008, 2010, and 2014 IDC Award for excellence in scholarship. Prof. Lehavi served as the Chairperson of the Israeli Association of Private Law (2012-2013) and the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation Visiting Professor at the University of California, Berkeley (2013-14). Prof. Lehavi has been recently appointed as the 2016 Global Law Visiting Chair at Tilburg University, the Netherlands.

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