A Controlled Phase Gate Between a Single Atom and an Optical Photon

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 1-9

3. Controlling the Position and Motion of a Single Atom in an Optical Cavity

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 11-28

4. Measurement and Control of the Internal Atomic State

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 29-42

5. Controlled Phase Gate Mechanism

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 43-50

6. Nondestructive Detection of an Optical Photon

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 51-58

7. A Quantum Gate Between a Flying Optical Photon and a Single Trapped Atom

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 59-67

8. Summary and Outlook

   • Andreas Reiserer

   Pages 69-72

This thesis reports on major steps towards the realization of scalable quantum networks. It addresses the experimental implementation of a deterministic interaction mechanism between flying optical photons and a single trapped atom. In particular, it demonstrates the nondestructive detection of an optical photon. To this end, single rubidium atoms are trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice at the center of an optical cavity in the strong coupling regime. Full control over the atomic state — its position, its motion, and its electronic state — is achieved with laser beams applied along the resonator and from the side. When faint laser pulses are reflected from the resonator, the combined atom-photon state acquires a state-dependent phase shift. In a first series of experiments, this is employed to nondestructively detect optical photons by measuring the atomic state after the reflection process. Then, quantum bits are encoded in the polarization of the laser pulse and in the Zeeman state of the atom. The state-dependent phase shift mediates a deterministic universal quantum gate between the atom and one or two successively reflected photons, which is used to generate entangled atom-photon, atom-photon-photon, and photon-photon states out of separable input states.

• Atom-photon entanglement
• Atom-photon-photon entanglement
• Cavity trapped atom
• Controlled phase gate
• Ground-state cooling
• Nondestructive photon detection
• Quantum networks

• TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands

  Andreas Reiserer

Andreas Rieserer is a postdoctoral researcher in the Quantum Dynamics group at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching. His work on single-atom and single-photon processes has been reported in several leading journals, and includes the highly cited paper "A quantum gate between a flying optical photon and a single trapped atom" [A. Reiserer, N. Kalb, G. Rempe, S. Ritter: Nature 508 (7495), 237-240 (2014)]

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