Stratification, Rollover and Handling of LNG, LPG and Other Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

   PDF

2. Advisory Summary and Introduction to LNG (and LPG)

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 1-11

3. Heat Flows in LNG and LPG Cryogenic Storage Systems at 1 Bar

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 13-22

4. Insulation: The Reduction of ‘A’ and ‘B’ Heat In-flows

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 23-39

5. Surface Evaporation of Cryogenic Liquids, Including LNG and LPG

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 41-62

6. The Rollover Sequence of Events, Starting with Stratification

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 63-83

7. Factors Creating Stratification: Management of LNG Rollover

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 85-100

8. Vacuum Insulated Tanks for Pressurised LNG

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 101-107

9. Liquid Transfers Avoiding 2-Phase Flow

   • Ralph G. Scurlock

   Pages 109-119

10. Safe Handling and Storage of LNG and LPG

    • Ralph G. Scurlock

    Pages 121-130

11. Back Matter

    Pages 131-134

    PDF

This short, practical book offers advice on the safe storage, handling and transportation of liquid natural gas (LNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and other cryogenic fluid mixtures. It begins with a review of the physical properties of LNG and LPG, and a brief overview of basic handling and storage methods. The chapters that follow address more in-depth topics such as heat flows in LNG and LPG storage systems, insulation techniques and surface evaporation phenomena. Two chapters are then devoted to the specific sequence of problems caused by stratification and rollover, and the techniques used to manage and alleviate these issues. The book then considers the use of vacuum insulated tanks for the storage of pressurised LNG, and the effective transfer of liquids avoiding 2-phase flow. It concludes with a summary of safe storage and handling protocols, and addresses the specific health issues encountered when dealing with cryogenic liquid mixtures. Throughout the book the author presents real-life case studies to illustrate the situation being discussed. Written in a practical style, it will prove an invaluable companion to anyone working with LNG, LPG or other cryogenic liquid mixtures.

• Cryogenic liquid mixtures
• Cryogenic storage systems
• Handling and storage of cryogenic liquids
• Insulation for cryogenic storage
• LNG and LPG surface evaporation
• Liquid natural gas
• Liquid petroleum gas
• Safety with cryogenic liquid mixtures
• Stratification and rolling in cryogenic mixtures
• Transport of LNG and LPG
• industrial pollution prevention

“This book is an impres­sive collection of years of theoretical and hands-on experience presented in a straightforward and logical manner. It is a clear, authoritative instructive on the hazards and handling of cryogenic liquids, supported where necessary with theory, data and example. It is an excellent example of its kind and es­sential reading for those involved with these unusual materials.” (M. E. Garrett, Cold Facts, Vol. 32 (2), April, 2016)

• University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

  Ralph G. Scurlock

Ralph Scurlock, is Emeritus Professor of Cryogenic Engineering, and formerly Director of the Institute of Cryogenics, University of Southampton, UK. In 1999, Ralph Scurlock was selected by the CEC for the Samuel C. Collins Award for his work on cryogenic technology. He was the first person from outside the USA to be awarded this prestigious prize. He is the author of many papers and several books including "Low Temperature Behaviour of Solids", 1965, "History and Origins of Cryogenics",1994, and "Low Loss Dewars and Tanks", 2004.

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