Heterogeneous Catalysis and its Industrial Applications

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Introduction

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 1-4

3. Model Catalysts

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 5-9

4. Activity Pattern

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 11-26

5. Adsorption–Desorption

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 27-62

6. Basic Concepts

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 63-97

7. Textural and Thermochemical Characterizations

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 99-160

8. Catalyst Preparation

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 161-187

9. Variables Influencing Final Properties of Catalysts

   • Martin Schmal

   Pages 189-204

10. Structural Analyses: X-ray Diffraction

    • Martin Schmal, Carlos André C. Perez

    Pages 205-226

11. Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region

    • Martin Schmal, Deborah C. Vargas

    Pages 227-250

12. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ESCA: XPS/ISS)

    • Martin Schmal, Carlos André C. Perez

    Pages 251-266

13. Electronic Microscopy: General and Specific Notions

    • Martin Schmal, Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos

    Pages 267-283

14. Nanostructured Catalysts

    • Martin Schmal, Silvia Moya

    Pages 285-327

15. Kinetics and Mechanisms

    • Martin Schmal

    Pages 329-339

16. Evaluation of Industrial Catalysts

    • Martin Schmal

    Pages 341-355

17. Back Matter

    Pages 357-373

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This book aims to introduce the basic concepts involved in industrial catalytic processes. It is profusely illustrated with experimental results with the main objective of guiding how to select a suitable catalyst for specific processes. The book is divided in two parts. In the first part the basic concepts are addressed, regarding the existing theories, activity patterns and adsorption-desorption phenomena. In the second part the key experimental methods for the physicochemical characterization of catalysts are presented, as well as the currently used catalyst pre and post treatments. The last chapter describes some important in situ characterization techniques (e.g. XPS and TEM) and surface model patterns related to surface modifications occurring during the reaction. Thoroughly illustrated with microscopy images, spectroscopy data and schematics of reaction mechanisms, the book provides a powerful learning tool for students in undergraduate and graduate level courses on the field of catalysis. Exercises and resolved problems are provided, as well as experimental procedures to support laboratory classes. Furthermore, the content is presented in a carefully chosen sequence, reflecting the 30 year teaching experience of the author. The author, Professor Martin Schmal, sees the present book as a way of conveying basic knowledge needed for the development of more efficient catalysts (i.e. nanostructured materials) and novel industrial chemical processes in the fields of environmental chemistry, fine chemistry, hydrotreating of heavy oils, hydrogen production and biomass processing.

• Empirical Vs Theoretical Models for Selecting Cat. & Pro.
• In Situ Characterization of Catalysts
• Influence of Variables & Parameters for Comp. of the Catalyst
• Microkinetics for Determining Kinetic Parameters
• Microscopy of Nanostructured Catalysts
• Physicochemical and Chemical Characterization of Catalysts
• Selection of Catalysts for Chemical Processes
• Spectroscopic Analysis of Surface Properties
• Theoretical Background of Catalysis

• Chem.Eng. Dept., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

  Martin Schmal

Professor Dr. Martin Schmal received his Doctor of Engineering degree from the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, and conducted postdoctoral research in the Catalysis Research Institute, Lyon, France, in 1981, and in the Karlsruhe University, Germany, in 1983. He is Full Professor at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, since 1985. Professor Schmal is member of the Brazilian Academy of Science since 1999. In 2002 he received the Humboldt Research Award and in 2011 he received the Senior Research Award from the Iberoamerican Catalysis Society.

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