Biomass and Bioenergy

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. Processing and Properties of Date Palm Fibers and Its Composites

   • Faris M. AL-Oqla, Othman Y. Alothman, M. Jawaid, S. M. Sapuan, M. H. Es-Saheb

   Pages 1-25

3. Bamboo Fiber Processing, Properties, and Applications

   • Sameen Ruqia Imadi, Isra Mahmood, Alvina Gul Kazi

   Pages 27-46

4. Abaca Fiber: A Renewable Bio-resource for Industrial Uses and Other Applications

   • Waseem Shahri, Inayatullah Tahir, Burhan Ahad

   Pages 47-61

5. Processing and Properties of Bagasse Fibers

   • Deepak Verma, P. C. Gope, Inderdeep Singh, Siddharth Jain

   Pages 63-75

6. Agricultural Biomass Raw Materials: The Current State and Future Potentialities

   • M. Siti Alwani, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, M. Asniza, S. S. Suhaily, A. S. Nur Amiranajwa, M. Jawaid

   Pages 77-100

7. Kapok Fiber: Structure and Properties

   • Yian Zheng, Aiqin Wang

   Pages 101-110

8. Production of Natural Fiber Obtained from the Leaves of Pineapple Plants (Ananas comosus) Cultivated in Costa Rica

   • Róger Moya, Diego Camacho

   Pages 111-124

9. Indian Date Leaf FRP Composites: Mechanical and Dielectric Properties

   • Nadendla Srinivasababu, J. Suresh Kumar, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, Gutta Sambasiva Rao

   Pages 125-139

10. Sugarcane Straw and Bagasse

    • Rida Rehman, Alvina Gul Kazi

    Pages 141-155

11. Studies on Okra Bast Fibre-Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Composites

    • G. M. Arifuzzaman Khan, Md. Ahsanul Haque, Md. Shamsul Alam

    Pages 157-174

12. Okra Fibres as Potential Reinforcement in Biocomposites

    • C. Santulli, F. Sarasini, E. Fortunati, D. Puglia, J. M. Kenny

    Pages 175-190

13. Biomass Resources in Environmental and Socio-Economic Analysis of Fuel-Wood Consumption

    • Tanvir Arfin, Faruq Mohammad, NorAzah Yusof

    Pages 191-206

14. Production of Algal Biomass

    • Misbah Majid, Samia Shafqat, Hafsa Inam, Uzair Hashmi, Alvina Gul Kazi

    Pages 207-224

15. Natural Fibers Reinforced Polymeric Matrix: Thermal, Mechanical and Interfacial Properties

    • Abou El Kacem Qaiss, Rachid Bouhfid, Hamid Essabir

    Pages 225-245

16. Lignocellulosic Materials as the Potential Source of Catalyst

    • N. Saba, M. Jawaid, M. T. Paridah

    Pages 247-274

17. Straw Availability, Quality, Recovery, and Energy Use of Sugarcane

    • Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Saiful Islam, Latifah Amin

    Pages 275-287

18. Jatropha curcas: A Prospective Energy Crop

    • Burhan Ahad, Zafar A. Reshi, Humeera Rasool, Waseem Shahri, A. R. Yousuf

    Pages 289-306

19. Algal Biomass Production Using Waste Water

    • Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Umer Rashid, Muhammad Ibrahim, Farhat Abbas, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap

    Pages 307-327

20. Biomass Steam Gasification for Hydrogen Production: A Systematic Review

    • Abrar Inayat, Murni M. Ahmad, Suzana Yusup, M. I. Abdul Mutalib, Zakir Khan

    Pages 329-343

Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.

• Agricultural Waste
• Biopolymers
• Feedstocks
• Industrial Waste
• Natural Fibers

• Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

  Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Mohammad Jawaid, Umer Rashid

Dr. Khalid Rehman Hakeem (PhD) is working as Fellow Researcher at the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia and also Visiting Professor at Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey. He has obtained his MSc. (Environmental Botany) as well as PhD (Botany) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India in 2006 and 2011 respectively. He did his Post Doctorate in the fields of Forest dynamics and biotechnological studies from Universiti Putra Malaysia from 2012-2013. Dr. Hakeem has more than Eight years of teaching and research experience in Plant Eco-Physiology, Biotechnology & Molecular biology as well as in Environmental sciences. Recipient of several fellowships at both national and international levels, Dr. Hakeem has so far edited and authored more than nine books with International publishers. He has also to his credit more than 50 research publications in peer reviewed international journals including 20 book chapters with foreign publishers. He is also the Editorial board member and reviewer of several high impact international Journals. Dr. Hakeem is currently engaged in studying the plant processes at ecophysiological as well as proteomic levels. Dr. Mohammad Jawaid (PhD) is currently working as Fellow Researcher (Associate Professor), at Bio composite Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia and also Visiting Professor at Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia since June 2013. He received his PhD from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. He has more than 10 years of experience in teaching, research and industries. His area of research includes natural fibers based polymer composites, hybrid composites, Nanocomposites, Nano cellulose, etc. So far he has published one Book, 10 Book Chapters and 75 ISI Journal Papers. He is also the Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Malaysian Polymer Journal and reviewer of several high impact ISI Journals. Dr. Umer Rashid (PhD) is working as a Senior Fellow Researcher at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia since 2011. He has obtained his M.S. in Chemistry in 2003, from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan and then completed his PhD degree also from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2009 in the field of Analytical Chemistry. During his PhD he worked as a Visiting Scientist in the Food and Industrial Oil Research Group at the USDA in Peoria, IL, USA. He is also the recipient of 2007 The Industrial Oil Products Division Student Excellence Award by Industrial Oil Products Division of the American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS), USA. He did his Post Doctorate in the field of Green Chemistry from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia from 2010-2011. The focus of his research has been on the production and characterization of novel feed stocks for biodiesel production. He has produced 92 research papers in internationally recognized ISI journals, including 05 book chapters with foreign publishers. Currently, he is working on the synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst from carbon based sources for the utilization of high free fatty acid feed stocks for biodiesel production.

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