Estrogen Effects in Psychiatric Disorders

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-X

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2. Estrogens in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology

   • Helmut Vedder, Christian Behl

   Pages 1-30

3. Estrogens and Schizophrenia

   • Anita Riecher-Rössler

   Pages 31-52

4. Gender Differences in Schizophrenia

   • Heinz Häfner

   Pages 53-94

5. Puberty and Schizophrenia Onset

   • Robin Z. Hayeems, Mary V. Seeman

   Pages 95-106

6. Clinical Estrogen Trials in Patients with Schizophrenia

   • Jayashri Kulkarni

   Pages 107-122

7. Hypoestrogenism and Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Women Suffering from Schizophrenia

   • Niels Bergemann, Christoph Mundt, Peter Parzer, Benno Runnebaum, Franz Resch

   Pages 123-144

8. The Effect of Estrogens on Depression

   • Linda S. Kahn, Uriel Halbreich

   Pages 145-173

9. Estrogens and Other Hormones in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndromes

   • Leslie Born, Meir Steiner

   Pages 175-189

10. Estrogens and Perinatal Disorders

    • Alain Gregoire

    Pages 191-206

11. Estrogen Therapy in Perimenopausal Affective Disorders

    • Gabriela Stoppe, Martina Dören

    Pages 207-222

12. The Effects of Estrogens on Cognition and Alzheimer's Dementia

    • Tony Edwin, Uriel Halbreich

    Pages 223-237

13. Effects of Hormone Therapy on Patterns of Brain Activation during Cognitive Activity: A Review of Neuroimaging Studies

    • Pauline M. Maki, Susan M. Resnick

    Pages 239-251

14. Estrogens in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Clinical and Neurobiological Perspective

    • Peter Schönknecht, Johannes Pantel, Aoife Hunt, Marcus Henze, Thomas Strowitzki, Johannes Schröder

    Pages 253-270

15. Estrogen Therapy: Interface Between Gynecology and Psychiatry

    • Khaled M.K. Ismail, G.V. Sunanda, P. M. Shaughn O'Brien

    Pages 271-287

16. Back Matter

    Pages 289-291

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A number of studies, mostly focusing on estrogen replacement therapy in women, have reported beneficial actions of these hormones on various neurobiological and neuropathological parameters in health and disease. Recent research has focused on gender differences and there is increasing evidence that estrogens exert protective effects in schizophrenia. Hormonal fluctuations or lack of estrogen may increase the risk of depression among vulnerable women. Treatment of depression with estrogen may stabilize and restore disrupted homeostasis – as during post-partum, premenstrual, or perimenopausal conditions – and act as a psychomodulator to offset vulnerability to dysphoric mood when estrogen levels are significantly decreased, as in the case of postmenopausal women. Studies on the effect of estrogens on Alzheimer’s Disease are still rather controversial, they do, however, facilitate the hypothesis that estrogens may have a modifying effect on the onset and course of AD, at least in subgroups of patients.

• Alzheimer
• Depression
• Syndrom
• alzheimer's disease
• brain
• dementia
• hormone
• hormones
• pathophysiology
• physiology
• psychiatric disorder
• psychiatry
• schizophrenia
• therapy
• women

• Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany

  Niels Bergemann

• Psychiatric Outpatient Department, University of Basel, Switzerland

  Anita Riecher-Rössler

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