Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Introduction

   • Valentí Rull, Ana Carolina Carnaval

   Pages 1-10

3. Neotropical Diversity and Diversification

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 11-11

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   2. Neotropical Diversification: Historical Overview and Conceptual Insights

      • Valentí Rull

      Pages 13-49

   3. Beyond Refugia: New Insights on Quaternary Climate Variation and the Evolution of Biotic Diversity in Tropical South America

      • Paul A. Baker, Sherilyn C. Fritz, David S. Battisti, Christopher W. Dick, Oscar M. Vargas, Gregory P. Asner et al.

      Pages 51-70

   4. Tropical and Subtropical South America: A Study of Community Turnover Across Environmental Gradients

      • João Claudio Sousa Nascimento, Millke Jasmine Arminini Morales, Wendy Yohana Arroyo-Pérez, Juliana José, Mônica Paiva Quast, Vera Nisaka Solferini

      Pages 71-83

   5. Evolutionary Macroecology and the Geographical Patterns of Neotropical Diversification

      • Fabricio Villalobos, Jesús N. Pinto-Ledezma, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho

      Pages 85-101

   6. Evolutionary Imprints on Species Distribution Patterns Across the Neotropics

      • Renan Maestri, Leandro Duarte

      Pages 103-119

   7. Diatom Diversity and Biogeography Across Tropical South America

      • Xavier Benito, Sherilyn C. Fritz

      Pages 121-143

   8. Avian Diversity in Humid Tropical and Subtropical South American Forests, with a Discussion About Their Related Climatic and Geological Underpinnings

      • Manuel Nores

      Pages 145-188

   9. Contrasting Patterns of Temporal Diversification in Neotropical Butterflies: An Overview

      • Andrew V. Z. Brower, Ivonne J. Garzón-Orduña

      Pages 189-222

4. Regional Biodiversity Patterns and Diversification Processes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 223-223

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   2. The Origin and Evolution of Amazonian Species Diversity

      • J. Cracraft, Camila C. Ribas, F. M. d’Horta, J. Bates, R. P. Almeida, A. Aleixo et al.

      Pages 225-244

   3. Patterns and Processes of Diversification in Amazonian White Sand Ecosystems: Insights from Birds and Plants

      • J. M. G. Capurucho, S. H. Borges, C. Cornelius, A. Vicentini, E. M. B. Prata, F. M. Costa et al.

      Pages 245-270

   4. On the Young Savannas in the Land of Ancient Forests

      • Josué A. R. Azevedo, Rosane G. Collevatti, Carlos A. Jaramillo, Caroline A. E. Strömberg, Thaís B. Guedes, Pável Matos-Maraví et al.

      Pages 271-298

   5. Diversity, Endemism, and Evolutionary History of Montane Biotas Outside the Andean Region

      • Thaís B. Guedes, Josué A. R. Azevedo, Christine D. Bacon, Diogo B. Provete, Alexandre Antonelli

      Pages 299-328

   6. Diversification in Ancient and Nutrient-Poor Neotropical Ecosystems: How Geological and Climatic Buffering Shaped Plant Diversity in Some of the World’s Neglected Hotspots

      • Fernando A. O. Silveira, Roberta L. C. Dayrell, Cecilia F. Fiorini, Daniel Negreiros, Eduardo L. Borba

      Pages 329-368

   7. The Pantepui “Lost World”: Towards a Biogeographical, Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis of a Pristine Neotropical Sky-Island Archipelago

      • Valentí Rull, Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia

      Pages 369-413

   8. Patterns of Species and Lineage Diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

      • Elen A. Peres, Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Lúcia G. Lohmann, Fabián A. Michelangeli, Cristina Y. Miyaki, Ana Carolina Carnaval

      Pages 415-447

   9. Forests Diversity in the Mexican Neotropics: A Paleoecological View

      • Blanca L. Figueroa-Rangel, Miguel Olvera-Vargas, Socorro Lozano-García, Gerald Islebe, Nuria Torrescano, Susana Sosa-Najera et al.

      Pages 449-473

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the patterns of biodiversity in various neotropical ecosystems, as well as a discussion on their historical biogeographies and underlying diversification processes. All chapters were written by prominent researchers in the fields of tropical biology, molecular ecology, climatology, paleoecology, and geography, producing an outstanding collection of essays, synthetic analyses, and novel investigations that describe and improve our understanding of the biodiversity of this unique region. With chapters on the Amazon and Caribbean forests, the Atlantic rainforests, the Andes, the Cerrado savannahs, the Caatinga drylands, the Chaco, and Mesoamerica – along with broad taxonomic coverage – this book summarizes a wide range of hypotheses, views, and methods concerning the processes and mechanisms of neotropical diversification. The range of perspectives presented makes the book a truly comprehensive, state-of-the-art publication on the topic,which will fascinate both scientists and general readers alike.

• Biogeography
• Biodiversity
• Neotropics
• Species Distribution
• Climate Change
• Evolutionary Radiation
• Speciation
• Phylogeography
• Paleoecology
• Systematic Botany

• Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

  Valentí Rull

• Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, USA

  Ana Carolina Carnaval

Valentí Rull is a biologist with a Ph.D. in Paleoecology. Over the past 35 years, he has used past ecological evidence – mainly from palynology – to address topics such as i) the type and characteristics of biotic responses to environmental changes; ii) the role of human and climatic drivers as causes of ecological change; iii) the effects of tectonics, paleogeography and climate change on the origin of biodiversity; iv) hypotheses testing for long-term ecological processes; v) predictions on biotic responses to potential future climatic scenarios; and v) the development of better-informed strategies for biodiversity conservation. He has conducted his research in several temperate, tropical and subtropical regions, e.g. the northern tropical Andes, the Orinoco lowlands and delta, the Guayana region, the Maracaibo basin, Easter Island, the Azores and the Pyrenees.




Ana Carnaval was born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whereshe obtained her undergraduate degree in Biology from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and her Master’s degree in Zoology from the Museu Nacional. She holds a Ph.D. in Evolutionary Biology from the University of Chicago, and completed her postdoctoral training at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley. Currently an Associate Professor of Molecular Ecology at the City College of New York, her research group studies spatial patterns of biodiversity and underlying evolutionary and ecological processes, with the explicit aim of improving biodiversity prediction and conservation in tropical regions. Her projects focus on tropical biogeography, integrative uses of comparative phylogeography, GIS-based distribution models, current environmental data and paleoclimatic simulations, and animal physiology, particularly in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, and, to a lesser extent, the Amazonian forest and the Cerrado.

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