Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

   PDF

2. Transport in the Anterior Segment

   1. Aquaporins and Water Transport in the Cornea

      • Alan S. Verkman

      Pages 3-16

   2. Roles of Corneal Epithelial Ion Transport Mechanisms in Mediating Responses to Cytokines and Osmotic Stress

      • Peter S. Reinach, José E. Capó-Aponte, Stefan Mergler, Kathryn S. Pokorny

      Pages 17-46

   3. Vitamin C Transport, Delivery, and Function in the Anterior Segment of the Eye

      • Ram Kannan, Hovhannes J. Gukasyan

      Pages 47-57

3. Transporters of the Ciliary Epithelium

   1. Mechanisms of Aqueous Humor Formation

      • Chi-wai Do, Chi-wing Kong, Chu-yan Chan, Mortimer M. Civan, Chi-ho To

      Pages 61-86

4. Lens Transporters

   1. Membrane Transporters

      • Paul J. Donaldson, Julie Lim

      Pages 89-110

   2. Lens Na+, K+-ATPase

      • Nicholas A. Delamere, Shigeo Tamiya

      Pages 111-123

5. Transport Across the Blood–Retinal Barrier

   1. Pathophysiology of Pericyte-containing Retinal Microvessels

      • Donald G. Puro

      Pages 127-137

   2. Molecular Mechanisms of the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters

      • Masatoshi Tomi, Ken-ichi Hosoya

      Pages 139-154

6. Transport Across the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

   1. Regulation of Transport in the RPE

      • Adnan Dibas, Thomas Yorio

      Pages 157-184

   2. Glucose Transporters in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Development

      • Lawrence J. Rizzolo

      Pages 185-199

   3. Ca2+ Channels in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

      • Olaf Strauss

      Pages 201-216

   4. Taurine Transport Pathways in the Outer Retina in Relation to Aging and Disease

      • Ali A. Hussain, John Marshall

      Pages 217-233

   5. P-Glycoprotein Expression and Function in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

      • Paul A. Constable, John G. Lawrenson, N. Joan Abbott

      Pages 235-253

7. Transporters in the Retina

   1. The Retinal Rod NCKX1 and Cone/Ganglion Cell NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ Exchangers

      • Paul P. M. Schnetkamp, Yoskiyuki Shibukawa, Haider F. Altimimi, Tashi G. Kinjo, Pratikhya Pratikhya, Kyeong Jing Kang et al.

      Pages 257-273

   2. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in the Retina

      • Vijay Sarthy, David Pow

      Pages 275-292

   3. Localization and Function of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 in the Retina

      • Giovanni Casini

      Pages 293-313

8. Genetic Variants of Ocular Transporters

   1. Biochemical Defects Associated with Genetic Mutations in the Retina-Specific ABC Transporter, ABCR, and Macular Degenerative Diseases

      • Esther E. Biswas-Fiss

      Pages 317-332

   2. Glutamate Transporters and Retinal Disease and Regulation

      • Nigel L. Barnett, Natalie D. Bull

      Pages 333-353

   3. Glutamate Transport in Retinal Glial Cells during Diabetes

      • Erica L. Fletcher, Michelle M. Ward

      Pages 355-371

Detection and responses to light are common features found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. In most primitive life forms, a patch of light-sensitive cells make up a region containing a cell sheet devoid of any specialized anatomical structure. With the development of the eyes in more advanced life forms, light-sensing structures became more complex but primitive eyes are still in contiguity with other body tissues and fluids. The evolution of the eyeball promoted an increase in visual acuity and visual processing that, in turn, allowed vision to become the dominant sensory system for many species, including humans. The formation of a totally enclosed structure, however, required a unique set of solutions to enable the eye to control its environment. Like most organs, the eye evolved a series of homeostatic mechanisms to regulate its environment within tightly controlled limits. Unlike most organs, however, this advanced light-sensing structure has a series of requirements that place a tremendous burden on molecules that are responsible for controlling ocular homeostasis. There are many sig naling molecules and pathways that work in parallel or through crosstalk to maintain the normal ocular environment required for visual function. Perhaps none are so critical as the group of membrane molecules that are collectively termed transporters. These molecules are responsible for the controlled and selective movements of ions, nutrients, and fluid across various ocular layers necessary to optimize the internal milieu to p- serve visual function.

• Biology
• Diagnostics
• Ocular
• Therapeutics
• Transporters
• glycoprotein
• molecular mechanisms
• regulation

From the reviews: “The ophthalmic structures and tissues present a series of mechanisms necessary to homeostasis maintenance, in order to enable and support the vision function. … this book is indicated for physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacotechnicians, and investigators who wish to understand and study the complex processes of transportation and homeostasis of ocular globe, as well as to develop and formulate eye drops or apply therapies in the ophthalmology area.” (Vladi Olga Consiglieri, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009)

• Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA

  Joyce Tombran-Tink

• Department of Neural andBehavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA

  Colin J. Barnstable

Colin J. Barnstable, D.Phil., is Professor and Chair, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences
Director, Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Research Institute and Co-Director, Penn State Neuroscience Institute

Joyce Tombran-Tink, PhD, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Research Institute and Co-Director, Penn State Neuroscience Institute

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