Peptide Nucleic Acids

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. PNA Technology

      • Peter E. Nielsen

      Pages 3-26

3. Chemistry

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 27-27

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   2. Solid Phase Synthesis of PNA Oligomers

      • Frederik Beck

      Pages 29-41

   3. Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugates

      • Satish Kumar Awasthi, Peter E. Nielsen

      Pages 43-52

   4. Parallel Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugate Libraries

      • Satish Kumar Awasthi, Peter E. Nielsen

      Pages 53-57

   5. Thermodynamics of PNA Interactions with DNA and RNA

      • Tommi Ratilainen, Bengt Nordén

      Pages 59-88

4. PNA Technology

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 89-89

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   2. Measurement of PNA Binding to Double-Stranded DNA

      • Thomas Bentin, Georg I. Hansen, Peter E. Nielsen

      Pages 91-107

   3. PNA-Mediated Immobilization of Supercoiled DNA

      • Thomas Bentin, Peter E. Nielsen

      Pages 111-118

   4. PNA Openers and Their Applications

      • Vadim V. Demidov, Maxim D. Frank-Kamenetskii

      Pages 119-130

   5. Colorimetric Detection of PNA-DNA Hybridization Using Cyanine Dyes

      • Miaomiao Wang, Bruce A. Armitage

      Pages 131-142

5. Diagnostics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 143-143

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   2. PNA-Mediated PCR Clamping

      • Deborah G. Murdock, Douglas C. Wallace

      Pages 145-164

   3. PNA Clamping Techniques for the Determination of Oncogene Mutations

      • Marcus Schuermann, Moira Behn

      Pages 165-179

   4. PNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Rapid Microbiology and Cytogenetic Analysis

      • Brett Williams, Henrik Stender, James M. Coull

      Pages 181-193

   5. Detection of Point Mutations Using PNA-Containing Electrophoresis Matrices

      • Gabor L. Igloi

      Pages 195-207

6. Antisense and Antigene

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 209-209

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   2. Lipid-Mediated Introduction of Peptide Nucleic Acids Into Cells

      • Dwaine A. Braasch, David R. Corey

      Pages 211-223

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have now existed for slightly more than ten years, with the interest in and applications of this pseudopeptide DNA mimic steadily increasing during the entire period. PNAs have rapidly attracted the attention of scientists from a diversity of fields ranging from (bio)organic and biophysical chemistry to prebiotic evolution, and from molecular biology to genetic diagnostics and drug development. Many of the applications take advantage of the unique properties of PNA—an uncharged pseudopeptide—that distinguish this DNA mimic from more traditional DNA analogs. Rather than trying to create a comprehensive collection of all published methods and protocols involving PNA—many of which have not yet been validated— I have decided to concentrate on select protocols that are either very well established by several groups around the world, such as PCR-clamping and in situ hybridization, or on new methods that may have broader future impact. Basic methods for PNA oligomer synthesis and analyses have also been included. I am very grateful to those friends and colleagues who have enthusiastically contributed their work, discussions, and writing, and thereby made this book possible. Peter E. Nielsen v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix IINTRODUCTION 1 PNA Technology Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 II CHEMISTRY 2 Solid Phase Synthesisof PNA Oligomers Frederik Beck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugates Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4 Parallel Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugate Libraries Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"The book, Peptide Nucleic Acid, provides an excellent introduction to pNA's...provides useful information for the readers in the development of delivery systems for bioactive macromolecules." -Pharmaceutical Research

• Center for Biomolecular Recognition The Panum Institute, University of Copengagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  Peter E. Nielsen

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