Fundamentals of Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvi

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2. Structure of Steroidogenic Tissues and Their Modes of Secretion

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Steroids

      • D. E. Kime

      Pages 3-56

   3. Overall View of the Organization of the Vertebrate Gonad and the Structure of Steroidogenic Cells

      • J. A. Pudney

      Pages 57-94

   4. Structure of the Adrenal and Interrenal Glands

      • I. Chester-Jones

      Pages 95-121

3. Reproduction in Nonmammalian Vertebrates

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 123-123

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   2. Avian Reproduction

      • S. Harvey, C. G. Scanes, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 125-185

   3. Reproduction in Reptiles

      • Ian P. Callard, S. M. Kleis

      Pages 187-205

   4. Reproductive Endocrinology of Amphibians

      • Frank L. Moore

      Pages 207-221

   5. Reproductive Endocrinology of Fish

      • A. P. Scott

      Pages 223-256

   6. Vitellogenesis and Viviparity

      • Ian P. Callard, S.-m. Ho

      Pages 257-282

4. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 283-283

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   2. The Structure and Function of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 285-409

5. Secretion of Endocrine Glands and Their Relationship to Osmoregulation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 411-411

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   2. Environmental Constraints and Adaptive Mechanisms

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 413-443

   3. Endocrine Glands and Their Secretions

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 445-480

   4. Integration of Hormonal Actions to Regulate Extracellular Fluid Volume and Composition

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 481-495

   5. A Phylogenetic Perspective

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 497-508

6. Endocrine and Related Factors in the Control of Metabolism in Nonmammalian Vertebrates

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 509-509

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   2. Introduction

      • I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton, J. G. Phillips

      Pages 511-513

Endocrinology, as a discipline, was a late arrival in the corpus of established subjects. Its growth in recent years has been prodigious, extending from mor­ phology to molecular levels. Most of the major endocrine glands were noted by the early anatomists, although the adrenal glands were not described until 1563 by Bartholomaeus Eustachius (1520-1574). On the other hand, elucidation of the function of these glands was extremely slow. Key work by A. A. Berthold (1849), although overlooked at the time, showed that comb atrophy in castrated fowl was prevented by testis transplantation. The idea that glands produced substances reach­ ing the bloodstream directly and not via excretory ducts stemmed from Claude Bernard, who first used the term internal secretion in 1855. The clinical observa­ tions of Thomas Addison at Guy's Hospital-published as a monograph in 1855 entitled The Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules -were seminal. However, the stimulus of this early research did not bring imme­ diate widespread further investigations. Upon the discovery of secretin in 1902, Bayliss and Starling considered the term "internal secretion" to be clumsy, and the term "hormone" was coined (from OQ[!UW-1 excite or arouse) and it was first used by Starling in his Croonian of 1905.

• adrenal gland
• endocrine gland
• endocrinology
• growth
• hormone
• diabetes

• Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK

  I. Chester-Jones, P. M. Ingleton

• Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, UK

  J. G. Phillips

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