Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional Stress

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Introduction: The Concept of Stress and Its Historical Development

      • George P. Chrousos, D. Lynn Loriaux, Philip W. Gold

      Pages 3-7

3. Basic Mechanisms of the Stress Response

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 9-9

      PDF

   2. Sympathoadrenal Medullary System and Stress

      • I. J. Kopin, G. Eisenhofer, D. Goldstein

      Pages 11-23

   3. Behavioral Pharmacology of Stress: Focus on CNS Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

      • George F. Koob, Karen Thatcher-Briton, Abdelouahhab Tazi, Michel Le Moal

      Pages 25-34

   4. Glucocorticoid Receptors and Behavior: Implications for the Stress Response

      • Bruce S. McEwen, Roberta E. Brinton, Robert M. Sapolsky

      Pages 35-45

   5. CRH Effects on Central Noradrenergic Neurons: Relationship to Stress

      • Rita J. Valentino

      Pages 47-64

   6. Hypophysiotropic Regulation of Stress-Induced ACTH Secretion

      • Paul M. Plotsky

      Pages 65-81

   7. Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptors: Characterization and Actions in the Anterior Pituitary Gland

      • Greti Aguilera, Abdul-Badi Abou Samra, James P. Harwood, Kevin J. Catt

      Pages 83-105

   8. Regulation of Pituitary Cyclic AMP, Plasma Prolactin and POMC-Derived Peptide Responses to Stressful Conditions

      • J. L. Meyerhoff, G. J. Kant, B. N. Bunnell, E. H. Mougey

      Pages 107-122

   9. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Receptors in Brain

      • Errol B. De Souza, George Battaglia

      Pages 123-136

   10. Studies on the Secretion of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor into Hypophysial Portal Blood

       • V. Guillaume, M. Grino, G. Peyre, B. Conte-Devolx, C. Oliver

       Pages 137-141

   11. Is There a “Final Common Pathway” in the Regulation of ACTH Release?

       • Mark H. Whitnall

       Pages 143-156

   12. Regulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Release in vitro

       • Celia D. Sladek, John A. Olschowka

       Pages 157-165

   13. Regulation of Rat Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in vitro: Potential Clinical Implications

       • Aldo E. Calogero, Renato Bernardini, Philip W. Gold, George P. Chrousos

       Pages 167-181

   14. Is the Benzodiazepine/GABA Receptor Chloride Ionophore Complex Involved in Physical and Emotional Stress?

       • Ramon Trullas, Hratchia Havoundjian, Phil Skolnick

       Pages 183-200

4. Stress and Immunity

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 201-201

      PDF

   2. Corticosteroids and the Immune Response

      • Henry N. Claman

      Pages 203-208

   3. Lipocortins

      • Bernard Rothhut, Françoise Russo-Marie

      Pages 209-215

It has been over 50 years since Hans Selye formulated his concept of stress. This came after the isolation of epinephrine and norepinephrine and after the sympathetic system was associated with Walter Cannon's "fight or flight" response. The intervening years have witnessed a number of dis­ coveries that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of the stress response. The isolation, identification and manufacture of gluco­ corticoids, the identification and synthesis of ACTH and vasopressin, and the demonstration of hypothalamic regulation of ACTH secretion were pivotal discoveries. The recent identification and synthesis of CRR by Willie Vale and his colleagues gave new impetus to stress research. Several new concepts of stress have developed as a result of advances in bench research. These include the concept of an integrated "stress sys­ tem", the realization that there are bi-directional effects between stress and the immune system, the suggestion that a number of common psychiatric disorders represent dysregulation of systems responding to stress, and the epidemiologic association of stress with the major scourges of humanity.

• CNS
• behavior
• biology
• pharmacology
• regulation
• reproduction

• National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA

  George P. Chrousos, D. Lynn Loriaux, Philip W. Gold

Policies and ethics