Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Enzyme Mechanisms

   1. Effect of Metal Ions and Adenylylation State on the Energetics of the E. Coli Glutamine Synthetase Reaction

      • Lynn M. Abell, Joseph J. Villafranca

      Pages 1-8

   2. Structure-Function Relationships in Mandelate Racemase and Muconate Lactonizing Enzyme

      • John A. Gerlt, George L. Kenyon, John W. Kozarich, David T. Lin, David C. Neidhart, Gregory A. Petsko et al.

      Pages 9-21

   3. An Enzyme-Targeted Herbicide Design Program Based on EPSP Synthase: Chemical Mechanism and Glyphosate Inhibition Studies

      • James A. Sikorski, Karen S. Anderson, Darryl G. Cleary, Michael J. Miller, Paul D. Pansegrau, Joel E. Ream et al.

      Pages 23-39

   4. Mechanism of Enyzmatic Phosphotriester Hydrolysis

      • Steven R. Caldwell, Frank M. Raushel

      Pages 41-52

3. Protein Folding

   1. Proline Isomerization and Protein Folding

      • Christy MacKinnon, Sudha Veeraraghavan, Isabelle Kreider, Michael J. Allen, John R. Liggins, Barry T. Nall

      Pages 53-64

   2. Increasing Enzyme Stability

      • C. Nick Pace

      Pages 65-75

   3. A Study of Subunit Folding and Dimer Assembly In Vivo

      • Thomas O. Baldwin

      Pages 77-86

   4. Characterization of a Transient intermediate in the Folding of Dihydrofolate Reductase

      • C. Robert Matthews, Edward P. Garvey, Jonathan Swank

      Pages 87-93

4. Design and Redesign of Enzymes and Proteins

   1. From Biological Diversity to Structure-Function Analysis: Protein Engineering in Aspartate Transcarbamoylase

      • James R. Wild, Janet K. Grimsley, Karen M. Kedzie, Melinda E. Wales

      Pages 95-109

   2. Catalytic Antibodies: Perspectives and Prospects

      • Donald Hilvert

      Pages 111-121

5. New Drugs Based on Enzyme Mechanisms

   1. Potent and Selective Oxytocin Antagonists Obtained by Chemical Modification of a Streptomyces Silvensis Derived Cyclic Hexapeptide and by Total Synthesis

      • M. G. Bock, R. M. DiPardo, P. D. Williams, R. D. Tung, J. M. Erb, N. P. Gould et al.

      Pages 123-134

   2. Design of Peptide Ligands that Interact with Specific Membrane Receptors

      • Victor J. Hruby, T. Matsunaga, F. Al-Obeidi, G. Toth, C. Gehrig, P. S. Hill

      Pages 135-149

6. Organic Synthesis with Enzymes

   1. Stereoselective Synthesis of Biologically and Pharmacologically Important Chemicals with Microbial Enzymes

      • Sakayu Shimizu, Hideaki Yamada

      Pages 151-163

   2. Design and Development of Enzymatic Organic Synthesis

      • C.-H. Wong

      Pages 165-178

   3. Enzymes as Catalysts in Carbohydrate Synthesis

      • Eric J. Toone, Yoshihiro Kobori, David C. Myles, Akio Ozaki, Walther Schmid, Claus von der Osten et al.

      Pages 179-195

   4. Exploiting Enzyme Selectivity for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds

      • Alexey L. Margolin

      Pages 197-212

7. Vitamin B12

   1. Perspectives on the Discovery of Vitamin B12

      • Karl Folkers

      Pages 213-221

   2. Steric Course and Mechanism of Coenzyme B12-Dependent Rearrangements

      • János Rétey

      Pages 223-234

   3. On the Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B12: A Non-Free Radical Model for the Methylmalonyl-CoA — Succinyl-CoA Rearrangement

      • Paul Dowd, Guiyong Choi, Boguslawa Wilk, Soo-Chang Choi, Songshen Zhang, Rex E. Shepherd

      Pages 235-244

The Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program has sponsored seven previous international symposia covering a wide variety of topics of interest to industrial and academic chemists. The eighth IUCCP symposium, held March 19-22, 1990, at Texas A&M University, represents a deviation from the former symposia, in that it is the first of a two-symposium series dedicated to the rapidly moving new field of industrial biochemistry that has beco~e known as biotechnology. Biotechnology is really not a new discipline, but rather is a term coined to describe the new and exciting commercial applications of biochemistry. The development of the field of biotechnology is a direct result of recombinant DNA technology, which began in earnest about 15 years ago. Today, we can routinely do experiments that were inconceivable in the early 1970's. Only comparatively simple technology available even in small laboratories is required to synthesize a gene and from it, to produce vast amounts of biological materials of enormous commercial value. These technical developments and others have stimulated increased activities in the field of enzyme biotechnology, using enzymes to catalyze "unnatural" reactions to produce complex molecules with stereochemical precision. It is true today, we can readily produce DNA fragments that will encode any amino acid sequence that we might desire, but at this point, our foundation of basic knowledge falls short. The dream of "designer enzymes" is still a fantasy, but the current wave of research activity and exciting new developments suggest that in the future the dream may become a reality.

• Amino acid
• Coenzym
• DNA
• Glutamin
• biochemistry
• enzymes

• Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

  Thomas O. Baldwin, Frank M. Raushel, A. Ian Scott

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